Test 2 Flashcards
Socrates
A Greek philosopher concluded that the mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies, and that knowledge is innate- born within us.
Plato
Student of Socrates; also believed that the mind is separable from the body
Aristotle
derived principles from observations; concluded that knowledge is not preexisting, instead it grows from the experiences stored in our memories.
Locke Empiricism
Wrote a series of essays to express his values of empiricism: The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Descartes
Scientists who dissected animals to support Socrates and Plato’s theory. Concluded that memories formed as experiences opened pores in the brain into which the animal spirits also flowed.
Wilhelm Wundt
Performed tests in which he asked people to press a key as soon as they heard a ball hit a platform. He sought to measure the “atoms of the mind” and how fast the brain was able to process things. This led to the turn of psychology into its own branch of science.
Structuralism (Edward Titchener)
Early school thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Functionalism (William James)
Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
Gestalt
Gestalt psychology emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Mary Whiton Calkins
A female student of James was denied a degree administered by Harvard, but later became the first female president of APA in 1905.
Margaret Floy Washburn
The first woman to receive her Ph.D in psychology
