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Biology Honors > Unit 8- Chapters 23 and 24 > Flashcards

Unit 8- Chapters 23 and 24 Flashcards

Vocabulary and Key Ideas

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1
Q

Animals are the most…

A

…physically diverse kigndom of organisms

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2
Q

all animals share…

A

…a set of characteristics

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3
Q

collagen

A

a three-stranded protein unique to animal

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4
Q

homeotic

A

genes that are a class of genes that control early development

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5
Q

homeobox

A

defini the head-to-tail pattern of development in animal embryos

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6
Q

Each animal phylum has…

A

…a unique body plan

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7
Q

animals are grouped using…

A

…a variety of criteria

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8
Q

A comparison of structure and genetics reveals…

A

… the evolutionary history of animals

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9
Q

vertebrate

A

an animal with an internal segmented backbone

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10
Q

invertebrate

A

an animal without internal segmented backbones

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11
Q

phylum

A

a group of animals defined by structural and functional characteristics that are different from every other animal group

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12
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

symmetry that divides an animal equally along only one plane

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13
Q

radial symmetry

A

symmetry that divides an animal in a circle around a central axis

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14
Q

protostome

A

when the mouth is formed first

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15
Q

deuterostomes

A

when the anus is formed first

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16
Q

sponges have… but no…

A

…specialized cells …tissues

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17
Q

Cnidarians are the…

A

…oldest existing animals that have specialized tissues

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18
Q

sessile

A

unable to move

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19
Q

filter feeders

A

eat by straining particles from the water

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20
Q

polyp

A

cylindrical tubes with mouth and tentacles facing upward

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21
Q

medusa

A

umbrella-shaped with mouths and tentacles downward

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22
Q

mesoglea

A

jellylike material that separates the two tissue layers of cnidarians

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23
Q

nematocyst

A

the stinging structures foun on both sea anemones and jellyfish

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24
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

saclike digestive space in a cnidarians

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25
Q

flatworms are…

A

…simple bilateral animals

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26
Q

molluska are…

A

…diverse animals

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27
Q

annelids have…

A

…segmented bodies

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28
Q

flatworms (3 types)

A

planarians, flukes, tapeworms

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29
Q

complete digestive tract

A

consists of two openings (anus and mouth) at opposite ends of a continuous tube

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30
Q

radula

A

a filelike feeding organ

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31
Q

hemocoel

A

consists of spaces between cells within the animal’s tissues

32
Q

segmentation

A

refers to the repeated sectinos of an annelid’s long body that contain a complex set of body structures

33
Q

coelom

A

a fluid-filled space that is completely surrounded by muscle

34
Q

roundworms shed their…

A

…stiff outer skeletons as they grow

35
Q

many roundworms are…

A

…parasites

36
Q

cuticle

A

made of chitin and must be shed whenever the animal grows larger

37
Q

pseudocoelem

A

not completely lined by muscle

38
Q

echinoderms have…

A

…radial symmetry

39
Q

there are ___ classes of echinoderms

A

five

40
Q

ossicle

A

interlocking calcium-based plates making up the internal skeleton of an echinoderms

41
Q

water vascular system

A

a series of water-filled radial canals that extend along each arm from the ring canal surrounding the central disk

42
Q

arthropod features are…

A

…highly adapted

43
Q

arthropod exoskeletons serve…

A

…a variety of functions

44
Q

arthropod diversity evolved over…

A

…millions of years

45
Q

arthropod

A

an invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton made of chitin; a series of paired jointed appendages; and segmented body parts

46
Q

exoskeleton

A

an external skeleton that supports the animal’s tissues against gravity

47
Q

chitin

A

a long organic molecule made of sugars that is arranged in layers

48
Q

appendage

A

an extension of an organism’s body

49
Q

segmentation

A

describes how an arthropod’s body parts are divided into similar sections that have each evolved for a different function

50
Q

arthropods (5 groups)

A 
trilobites
crustaceans
chelicerates (arachnids)
insects
myriapods
51
Q

crustaceans evolved as…

A

…marine arthropods

52
Q

crustacean appendages can…

A

…take many forms

53
Q

there are many different types of…

A

…crustaceans

54
Q

crustaceans

A

a group of arthropods that have two distinct body sections, a hard exoskeleton

55
Q

cephalothorax

A

the region of an organism in which the head and trunk region are combined into one long section

56
Q

abdomen

A

rear portion of the organism

57
Q

carapace

A

covers the sides of the body and protects the gills

58
Q

mandibles

A

highly adapted appendages that crush and bite food before ingestion

59
Q

arachnids are the…

A

…largest group of chelicerates

60
Q

arachnids have evolved into a…

A

…diverse group

61
Q

chelicerates

A

arthropods that lack antennae and have six pairs of appendages, which incle four pairs of walking legs

62
Q

arachnids

A

a terresrial group of chelicerates characterized by eight legs, fanglike pincers that inject venom, and the ability to produce silk

63
Q

book lungs

A

structures built of many thin, hollow sheets of tissue that look like the pages of a book

64
Q

spiracles

A

tiny holes on the abdomen that open and close to allow oxygen to enter

65
Q

tracheae

A

carry oxygen directly to the arachnid’s tissues

66
Q

insects are the dominant…

A

…terrestrial arthropods

67
Q

insects undergo…

A

…metamorphosis

68
Q

insects have adapted to…

A

…life on land

69
Q

incomplete metamorphosis

A

direct developmet
egg to nymph to adult
nymph looks similar to adult

70
Q

complete metamorphosis

A

young insects do not look like adults but molt and change

egg to larva to pupa to adult

71
Q

pupa

A

an inactive form of an insect

72
Q

arthropods and humans share…

A

…many of the same resources

73
Q

some arthropods cna spread..

A

…human diseases

74
Q

insecticide

A

a chemical compound that kills insects and other arthropods

75
Q

vector

A

an organism that carries a disease from one host to another

Biology Honors (10 decks)

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