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Biology Honors > Unit 1-Chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1-Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

Vocabulary and Key Topics

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1
Q

biosphere

A

all living things and all the places thay are found

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2
Q

biodiversity

A

the variety of life across the biosphere

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3
Q

species

A

particular type of living things that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

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4
Q

biology

A

scientific study of all forms of life

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5
Q

organism

A

any individual living thing

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6
Q

4 characteristics of an organism

A
  1. made up of one of more cells
  2. use energy for life processes
  3. repsond to the environment
  4. have successful offspring
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7
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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8
Q

metabolism

A

all of the chemical processes that build up or break down materials

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9
Q

DNA

A

genetic material in a molecule (deoxyribonucleic acd)

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10
Q

system

A

an organized group of related parts

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11
Q

4 unifying themes of biology

A
  1. systems of related parts
  2. a structure that relates to its function
  3. maintain homeostasis
  4. evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
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12
Q

ecosystem

A

physical environment with different species that interact with oe another and with nonliving things

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintainence of constant internal conditions

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14
Q

evolution

A

change in living things over time

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15
Q

adaptation

A

an inherited trait that gives an advantage to individual organisms and is passed on to future destinations

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16
Q

evolution accounts for…

A

unity and diversity in life

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17
Q

observation

A

includes using our sense to study the world, but it may also involve other tools

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18
Q

data

A

observations that can be analyzed (numbers)

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19
Q

hypothesis

A

proposed answer for a scientific question (if…then…because)

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20
Q

experiments

A

scientists study factore called independent and dependent variables to find cause-and-effect relationships

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21
Q

independent variable

A

a condition that is manipulated by the scientist

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22
Q

dependent variable

A

observed and measured during an experiment

show effect of independent variable

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23
Q

constant

A

a condition that is kept the same throughout the experiment

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24
Q

theory

A

proposed explantation for a wide range of observations and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence

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25
Q

microscope

A

provide an enlarged image of an object

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26
Q

gene

A

a segment of DNA that stores genetic information

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27
Q

molecular genetics

A

study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level

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28
Q

genomics

A

study and comparison of genomes both within and across species

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29
Q

biotechnology

A

use and applacation of living things and biological processes

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30
Q

transgenic

A

organisms that have genes from more than one species

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31
Q

atoms

A

smallest basic unit of matter

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32
Q

element

A

one particular type of an atom; can be broken down

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33
Q

compound

A

a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio

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34
Q

ionic bond

A

bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

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35
Q

ion

A

an atom that has gained or lost one electron

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36
Q

covalent bond

A

a bond formed when atoms share a pair of electrons

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37
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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38
Q

hydrogen bond

A

an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

39
Q

cohesion

A

the attraction among molecules of a substance

40
Q

adhesion

A

attraction among molecules of different substances

41
Q

Hydrigen bonds are responsible for … in water

A
  1. high specific heat
  2. adhesion
  3. cohesion
42
Q

solution

A

a mixture of substances that is the same throughout

43
Q

solvent

A

the substance that is present in the greater amount

disolves another substance

44
Q

solute

A

a substance that dissolves in a solvent

45
Q

acid

A

compound that releases a proton (hydrogen ion H+) when it dissolves in water

46
Q

base

A

compound that removes a proton (hydrogen ion H+) when it dissolves in water

47
Q

pH

A

a solutions acidity/H+ concentration

48
Q

monomer

A

a subunit in the complete molecule

49
Q

polymer

A

a large molecule made of monomers bonded together

50
Q

carbohydrate

A

molecules composed of carbon; hydrogen, and oxygen

source of energy

51
Q

carbon

A

uniques bonding properties
4 bonding sites
straight, branched, and ring

52
Q

lipid

A

nonpolar molecules
fats, oils, and cholesterol
source of energy and make up structure

53
Q

fatty acid

A

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

54
Q

protein

A

polymer of amino acids

55
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
20 different ones
bonded with peptide bonds

56
Q

chemical reaction

A

change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

57
Q

reactants

A

substances changed during a chemical reaction

58
Q

products

A

substances made by a chemical reaction

59
Q

bond energy

A

amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms

60
Q

equilibrium

A

when reactants and products are made at the same rate

61
Q

activation energy

A

amount of energy needed to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

62
Q

exothermic

A

when a chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs

63
Q

endothermic

A

when a chemical reaction abosorbs more energy than it releases

64
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
increases rate of reaction

65
Q

enzyme

A

a catalyst for chemical reactions in living things

66
Q

substrate

A

the specific reactants that an enzyme reacts on

67
Q

Earth is home to…

A

…an incredible diversity of life

68
Q

all organism share…

A

…certain characteristics

69
Q

all levels of life have…

A

…systems of related parts

70
Q

structure and ______ are related in biology

A

function

71
Q

organisms must maintian…

A

…homeostasis to survive in diverse environments

72
Q

evolution explains…

A

…the unity and diversity of life

73
Q

biology is a process of…

A

…inquiry

74
Q

biologists use…

A

…experiments to test hypothesis

75
Q

a theory explains…

A

…a wide range of observations

76
Q

imaging technologies provide…

A

…new views of life

77
Q

complex systems are…

A

…modeled on computers

78
Q

the tools of molecular genetics give rise to…

A

…new biological studies

79
Q

your health and the health of the environment depend on…

A

…your knowledge of biology

80
Q

biotechnology offers…

A

…great promise but also raises many issues

81
Q

biology presents…

A

…many unanswered questions

82
Q

living things consist of…

A

…atoms of different elements

83
Q

ions from when…

A

…atoms gain or lose electrons

84
Q

atoms share…

A

…pairs of electrons in covalent bonds

85
Q

life depends on…

A

…hydrogen bonds in water

86
Q

many compunds dissolve in…

A

…water

87
Q

some compounds form…

A

…acids or bases

88
Q

carbon atoms have…

A

…unique bonding properties

89
Q

four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in…

A

…living things

90
Q

bonds break and form during…

A

…chemical reactions

91
Q

chemical reasctions release or absorb…

A

…energy

92
Q

a catalyst lowers…

A

…activation energy

93
Q

enzymes allow…

A

…chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions

Biology Honors (10 decks)

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