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Biology Honors > Unit 7- Chapters 20, 21, 22 > Flashcards

Unit 7- Chapters 20, 21, 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant

A

Multicellular eukaryotes
Produce their own food through photosynthesis
Adapted to life on land

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2
Q

Cuticle

A

A waxy waterproof layer helps hold in moosture

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3
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny holes in the cuticle

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4
Q

Vascular system

A

A collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperse sugars down from the leaves

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5
Q

Lignin

A

Hardens the cell walls of some vascular tissues

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6
Q

Pollen grain

A

Two-celled structure that contains a cell that will divide to form sperm

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7
Q

Seed

A

A storage device for a plant embryo

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8
Q

Land plants evolved from…

A

…green algae

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9
Q

Plants have adaptions that allow them…

A

…to live on land

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10
Q

Plants evolve with…

A

…other organisms in their environment

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11
Q

Mosses and their relatives are…

A

…seedless nonvascular plants

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12
Q

Club mosses and ferns are…

A

…seedless vascular plants

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13
Q

Seed plants include…

A

…cone-bearing plants and flowering plants

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14
Q

Pollination

A

Occurs when pollen meets female reproductive parts of the same plant species

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15
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed in fruit

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16
Q

Angiosperm

A

A seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit

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17
Q

Cone

A

The reproductive structure of most gymnosperms

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18
Q

Flower

A

The reproductive structure of flowering plants

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19
Q

Fruit

A

The mature ovary of a flower

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20
Q

Flowering plants have unique…

A

…adaptations that allow them to dominate in today’s world

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21
Q

Botanists classify flowering plants into…

A

…two groups based on seed type

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22
Q

Flowering plants are also categorized by…

A

…stem type and lifespan

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23
Q

Cotyledon

A

An embryonic leaf inside a seed

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24
Q

Monocot

A

A flowering plant whose embryos have one seed leaf

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25
Q

Dicot

A

Flowering plants whose embryos have two seed leaves

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26
Q

Wood

A

a fibrous material made up pf dead cells that are part of the vascular system

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27
Q

Annual

A

Mature from seeds
Produce flowers
And die in one year

28
Q

Biennial

A

Flowering plants that take two years to complete their life cycle

29
Q

Perennial

A

Any flowering plant that lives for more than two years

30
Q

Agriculture provides…

A

…stable food supplies for people in permanent settlements

31
Q

Plant products are…

A

…important economic resources

32
Q

Plant compounds are essential to…

A

…to modern medicine

33
Q

Botany

A

The study of plants

34
Q

Ethnobotany

A

Explores how people in different cultures use plants

35
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their effects on the body

36
Q

Alkaloids

A

Potent plant chemicals that contain

Nitrogen

37
Q

Parenchyma cell

A

Most common type of cell
Stores starch oils and water
Thin walls and large fluid filled vacuoles
Photosynthesize

38
Q

Plant tissues are made of…

A

…three basic cell types

39
Q

Plant organs are made of…

A

…three tissue systems

40
Q

Collenchyma cell

A

Cell walls that vary in cell wall thickness

Provide flexible support

41
Q

Sclerenchyma cell

A

Strongest plant cell

Have a second cell wall made of lignin

42
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Covers the outside of a plant

Protects it

43
Q

Ground tissue

A

Makes up inside of plant
Provides support
Stores mayerials

44
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Transports water, mineral nutrients, and organic compounds to all parts of a plant

45
Q

Xylem

A

The vascular tissue that carriers water and dissolved mineral nutrients upward

46
Q

Phloem

A

The vascular tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis through the plant

47
Q

Water and dissolved minerals move…

A

…through xylem

48
Q

Phloem carriers…

A

…sugars from photosynthesis throughout the plant

49
Q

Cohesion-tension theory

A

Proposes that the physical properties of water allow the rise of water through a plant

50
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water vapor from plants

51
Q

Pressure-flow model

A

A theory that explains how food, or sap, moves through a plant

52
Q

Roots…

A

…anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil

53
Q

Stems…

A

…support plants, transport materials, and provide storage

54
Q

Vascular cylinder

A

Made up of xylem and phloem

In center of root

55
Q

Root hairs

A

Tiny projections of root cells

56
Q

Root cap

A

A small cone of cells that protects the growing part of the root as it pushes through the soil

57
Q

Meristem

A

Groups if cells that are the source of new cells

58
Q

Fibrous root

A

Make up fine branches in which most of the roots are the same size

59
Q

Taproot

A

Systems of roots that have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branches

60
Q

Primary growth

A

Makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer

61
Q

Secondary growth

A

Adds to the width in the stems and roots of woody plants

62
Q

Most leaves have…

A

…share similar structures

63
Q

Most leaves are…

A

…specialized systems for photosynthesis

64
Q

Blade

A

Usually broad and flat

Collects sunlight for plant

65
Q

Petiole

A

Thin stalk that connects the blade to the stem

66
Q

Mesophyll

A

Parenchyma tissue between the two dermal layers of a leaf

67
Q

Guard cells

A

Two cells that surround each stoma

Can open and close by changing shape

Biology Honors (10 decks)

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