Unit 7- Chapters 20, 21, 22 Flashcards
Plant
Multicellular eukaryotes
Produce their own food through photosynthesis
Adapted to life on land
Cuticle
A waxy waterproof layer helps hold in moosture
Stomata
Tiny holes in the cuticle
Vascular system
A collection of specialized tissues that bring water and mineral nutrients up from the roots and disperse sugars down from the leaves
Lignin
Hardens the cell walls of some vascular tissues
Pollen grain
Two-celled structure that contains a cell that will divide to form sperm
Seed
A storage device for a plant embryo
Land plants evolved from…
…green algae
Plants have adaptions that allow them…
…to live on land
Plants evolve with…
…other organisms in their environment
Mosses and their relatives are…
…seedless nonvascular plants
Club mosses and ferns are…
…seedless vascular plants
Seed plants include…
…cone-bearing plants and flowering plants
Pollination
Occurs when pollen meets female reproductive parts of the same plant species
Gymnosperm
A seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed in fruit
Angiosperm
A seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit
Cone
The reproductive structure of most gymnosperms
Flower
The reproductive structure of flowering plants
Fruit
The mature ovary of a flower
Flowering plants have unique…
…adaptations that allow them to dominate in today’s world
Botanists classify flowering plants into…
…two groups based on seed type
Flowering plants are also categorized by…
…stem type and lifespan
Cotyledon
An embryonic leaf inside a seed
Monocot
A flowering plant whose embryos have one seed leaf
Dicot
Flowering plants whose embryos have two seed leaves
Wood
a fibrous material made up pf dead cells that are part of the vascular system
Annual
Mature from seeds
Produce flowers
And die in one year
Biennial
Flowering plants that take two years to complete their life cycle
Perennial
Any flowering plant that lives for more than two years
Agriculture provides…
…stable food supplies for people in permanent settlements
Plant products are…
…important economic resources
Plant compounds are essential to…
…to modern medicine
Botany
The study of plants
Ethnobotany
Explores how people in different cultures use plants
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and their effects on the body
Alkaloids
Potent plant chemicals that contain
Nitrogen
Parenchyma cell
Most common type of cell
Stores starch oils and water
Thin walls and large fluid filled vacuoles
Photosynthesize
Plant tissues are made of…
…three basic cell types
Plant organs are made of…
…three tissue systems
Collenchyma cell
Cell walls that vary in cell wall thickness
Provide flexible support
Sclerenchyma cell
Strongest plant cell
Have a second cell wall made of lignin
Dermal tissue
Covers the outside of a plant
Protects it
Ground tissue
Makes up inside of plant
Provides support
Stores mayerials
Vascular tissue
Transports water, mineral nutrients, and organic compounds to all parts of a plant
Xylem
The vascular tissue that carriers water and dissolved mineral nutrients upward
Phloem
The vascular tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis through the plant
Water and dissolved minerals move…
…through xylem
Phloem carriers…
…sugars from photosynthesis throughout the plant
Cohesion-tension theory
Proposes that the physical properties of water allow the rise of water through a plant
Transpiration
Loss of water vapor from plants
Pressure-flow model
A theory that explains how food, or sap, moves through a plant
Roots…
…anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil
Stems…
…support plants, transport materials, and provide storage
Vascular cylinder
Made up of xylem and phloem
In center of root
Root hairs
Tiny projections of root cells
Root cap
A small cone of cells that protects the growing part of the root as it pushes through the soil
Meristem
Groups if cells that are the source of new cells
Fibrous root
Make up fine branches in which most of the roots are the same size
Taproot
Systems of roots that have a long, thick, vertical root with smaller branches
Primary growth
Makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer
Secondary growth
Adds to the width in the stems and roots of woody plants
Most leaves have…
…share similar structures
Most leaves are…
…specialized systems for photosynthesis
Blade
Usually broad and flat
Collects sunlight for plant
Petiole
Thin stalk that connects the blade to the stem
Mesophyll
Parenchyma tissue between the two dermal layers of a leaf
Guard cells
Two cells that surround each stoma
Can open and close by changing shape
