Unit 8 Axial Muscles Flashcards
muscles of the head
44 muscles of the head that are divided into 6 subgroups
muscles of the face
22 muscles called” muscles of the facial expression”
epicranius muscle
muscles of the scalp
epicranial/ galea aponeurosis
Origin: epicranial aponeurosis Insertion: occipital belly- occipital bone; frontal belly- skin of the eyebrow and nose; lateral bellies- muscle and cartilages of the auricle Action: more the scalp, wrinkle brow, wiggle ears
orbicularis oculi muscle
Origin: itself Insertion: itself Action: close eyelids
corrugator supercilii muscle
Origin: medial aspect of the superciliary arch of the frontal bone Insertion: skin of eyebrow Action: draw eyebrow downward and medially
orbicularis oris muscle
Origin: itself Insertion:itself Action: close and purse the lip
levator labii superioris muscle
Origin: maxilla & zygomatic bone Insertion: into orbicularis iris muscle of the upper lip Action: elevate upper lip
levator anguli oris muscle
Origin: maxilla Insertion: orbicularis fris mscle and skin at corner of the mouth Action: raises angle of mouth
zygomaticus major muscle
Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: orbicularis fris muscle at the angle (corner) of the mouth Action: draw upper lip back and upward
zygomaticus minor muscle
Origin: zygomatic bone Insertion: orbicularis fris and levator labii superioris muscle Action: draw upper lip pi and laterally
depressor labii inferioris muscle
Origin: anterior aspect of the mandible Insertion: into the orbicularis iris muscle and skin of the lower lip Action: depress lower lip
depressor anguli oris muscle
Origin: anterior aspect of the mandible Insertion: into the orbicularis oris muscle near the corner of mouth Action: depress corner of mouth
nasalis muscle
Origin: maxilla Insertion: into the contralateral nasalis muscle and into the ala of the nose Action: wrinkle and dilate nostrils
muscles of mastication
4 pair of muscles “closing the jaw”
temporalis muscle
Origin: temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and rams of the mandible Action: elevate mandible
masseter muscle
Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: coronoid process and lateral aspect of the rams of the mandible Action: elevate mandible
lateral pterygoid muscle
Origin: lateral plate f the pterygoid process & adjacent greater wing of the sphenoid bone Insertion: condyloid process of the mandible and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint Action: protract mandible, depress mandible
medial pterygoid muscle
Origin: between the medial and lateral plates of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, palatine bone, and maxilla Insertion: medial aspect of the mandible Action: elevate mandible, move it laterally
muscles of the neck
33 paired muscles that divide into 6 subgroups
platysma
Origin: fascia over the pectorals major and deltoids muscles Insertion: lower mandibular region Action: depress lower lip, wrinkle skin of neck and upper chest
sternocleidomastoideus muscle
Origin: manubrium of the sternum and sternal extremity of the clavicle Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone Action: turn head toward opposite side; flex joints of cervical vertebral column
muscles of the thorax
7 paired muscles are not subdivided
pectoralis major muscle
Origin: clavicle, sternum, first 6 ribs and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle Insertion: inter tubercular groove of the humerus and greater tubercle of the humerus Action: flex shoulder joint, adduct superior limb at shoulder joint, medially rotate superior limb
pectoralis minor muscle
Origin: ris 3-5/6 near costochondral joints Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula Action: draw scapula anterior and down, elevate rib
serratus anterior muscle
Origin: center of lateral aspects of the 1st 8 or 9 ribs Insertion: medial border of the scapula Action: rotate scapula and pull it forward elevate ribs
external intercostal mm
Origin: inferior borders of the ribs Insertion: superior borders of the ribs Action: elevate ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces
internal intercostal mm
Origin: inferior borders of the ribs Insertion: superior borders of the ribs Action: depress the ribs, maintain tension in the intercostal spaces
diaphragm
thoracic muscle, 3 parts and 2 legs
muscles of the abdomen
4 paired principle muscles of the abdominal wall
rectus abdominis muscle
straight abdominal muscle
tendinous intersection of the rectus abdominis muscle
horizontal tendons across the belly of the rectus
sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle
well-developed connective tissue surrounds the belly of the rectus abdominis muscle
anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle
formed by aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique and internal abdominal oblique muscles
linea alba
Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis Insertion: diploid process of the sternum and costal cartilages 5, 6, &7 Action: draw thorax downward (flex joint of vertebral column) compress abdomen
external abdominal oblique muscle
Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion: anterior lamina of the sheath of recus abdominis muscle, linea alba, anterior half of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament Action: draw thorax downward (flex joints of the vertebral column) compress abdomen rotate verbal column
internal abdominal oblique muscle
Origin: anterior half of the crest of the ilium, inguinal ligament Insertion: ribs 10-12 sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle linea alba Action: draw thorax downward ( flex joint of vertebral column) compress abdomen, rotate vertebral column
transversus abdominis muscle
Origin: costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, iliac crest, inguinal ligament Insertion: xiphoid process of the sternum, posterior lamina of sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, linea alba Action: compress abdomen
urogenital diaphragm
anterior floor of the pelvic cavity
pelvic diaphragm
muscles that form the posterior portion of the pelvic floor
muscles of the back
paired muscles dived into 6 sub groups
trapezius muscle
Origin: occipital bone, spinous process of c7 and thoracic vertebrae Insertion: clavicle, spine and acromion of the scapula Action: draw head laterally or posteriorly, rotate scapula
latissimus dorsi muscle
Origin: spinous process of the lower five or 6 thoracic vertebrae, those of the lumbar vertebrae and median crest of the bony sacrum Insertion: with teres major muscle into the medial border of the intertubercular groove Action: adduct superior limb at shoulder joint, rotate superior limb medially at shoulder joint, extend shoulder joint
rhomboideus major muscle
Origin: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 2-5 Insertion: medial border of the scapula below level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column
rhomboideus minor muscle
Origin: spinous process of C7 and T1 Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column and slightly superiorly
rhomboideus minor muscle
Origin: spinous process of C7 and T1 Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the level of its spine Action: pull scapula toward vertebral column and slightly superiorly
levator scapulae muscle
Origin: transverse process of the first four cervical vertebrae Insertion: superior angle of the scapula Action: elevate scapula
erector spine muscles
muscles lie adjacent to the spinous processes of the vertebrae
spinalis muscle
Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints
longissimus muscle
Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints
iliocostalis muscle
Action: extend joints of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of the vertebral joints
