Unit 12- Lymphatic & Digestive system Flashcards
Lymph System consists of?
Thymus, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
Thoracic duct
larger and longest of lymphatic vessel. superiorly along the left side
cisterna chyli
dilated sac of the thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the right jugular. Smaller and shorter than the thoracic duct
lymph nodes
encapsulated collections of lymphatic tissue.
indicators of infection
Tonsils
group of developing lymphocytes
palatine tonsils
tonsils that can be easily observed with a mirror at the back of thermal cavity
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
embedded in the mucosa of the superoposteriar part of the nasal part of the pharynx (throat)
lingual tonsils
tonsils are embedded in the root of the tongue
Spleen
large lymphatic organ
-positioned left superior quadrant of the abdomen between the stomach and diaphragm.
splenic hilum
where vessels, nerves, etc. enter and leave the spleen.
Thymus
lymphoid organ- located near the base of the heart. subdivided into left and right lobes.
Digestive system and functions
digestive system: oral cavity, gullet, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
functions: nutrient intake, solid waste elimination
mucous membrane
deepest portion of the gut wall. composed of 3 layers
epithelial layer
deepest layer of the mucous membrane
lamina propia of the mocosa
composed of connective tissue, support layer between the epithelium and smooth muscle layer
muscular layer of the mucosa
layer of smooth muscle tissue superficial to the lamina propria
submucosa
layer of areolar tissue
muscular coat
layer of smooth muscle tissue
- circular layer: inner
- longitudinal layer: outer
- oblique fibers:present deep to the circular layer
serous membrane/ coat
surrounds digestive organs and the parietal peritoneum
tunica adventitia
layer of connective tissue associated with the surface of the digestive canal
oral cavity
initial part of the alimentary canal
oral vestibule
portion of the oral cavity located outside the teeth and gums.
upper lip
the lip above the opening of the mouth
superior labial frenulum
medial fold of mucosa on the posterior aspect of the upper lip.
lower lip
lip below the rima oris
inferior labial frenulum
media fold of the mucosa on the posterior aspect of the inferior lip
oral cavity proper
oral cavity inside the teeth
hard palate
anterosuperior part of the cavity, composed of bone and harden octopus membrane
transverse palatine folds
the mucosa lining the anterior portion of the hard palate
soft palate
-closing off the nasal part of the pharynx during the act of swallowing.
moveable and composed of 5 skeletal muscles, glandular epithelium, connective tissue and mucous membrane.
palatine uvula
median, conical projection from the posterior border of the soft palate
palatopharyngeal arch
left and right posteriorly oriented mucosal fold
palatoglossal arch
left & right anteriorly oriented mucosal fold from the palatine uvula to the tongue
sublingual folds
left & right linear elevations of mucosa under the tongue
sublingual caruncle
opening of the submandibular ducts- allows saliva and mucous to enter the oral cavity proper
incisive papilla
short median ridge
-gets roasted by the pizza cheese
gums
portions of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth
tongue
muscular organ
Tip (apex) of the tongue
anterior portion of the tongue
body of the tongue
the main horizontal portion of the tongue between apex and root of the tongue
root of the tongue
posterior part of the tongue
lingal frenulum
the median fold of mucosa that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
parotid gland
salivary gland located anterior to the ace of each ear
sublingual gland
located in the floor of the oral cavity on each side of the median plane
submandibular gland
salivary gland located in the area adjacent to the angle of the mandible
teeth
a tooth has 3 major external parts
crown of a toot
visible portion that projects from the gums
root of a tooth
embedded portion which occupies a dental alveolus in a maxilla
periodontium
connective tissue, anchors each tooth in its socket
neck of tooth
portion of a tooth at the junction of the crown and root
enamel
covers the crown of a tooth, hardest substance in the body
cementum
envelops the root of a tooth, bone like connective tissue
pulp cavity of a tooth
hollow space surrounded by dentin and filled with dental pulp
canal of the root of a tooth
channel by which vessels and nerves enter ad leave the pulp cavity
dental pulp
soft tissue
superior dental arch
the eight upper right and eight upper left teeth
inferior dental arch
the eight lower and the eight lower left teeth
incisor teeth
for teeth adjacent to the median plane
canine teeth
teeth posterior tot he incisor teeth (4 total)
premolar teeth
teeth posterolateral to each canine tooth (8 total)
molar teeth
the last three teeth on each side of dental arch
wisdom tooth
last molar teeth on each dental arch
permanent dental formulas
2[I2/2, CI/I, P2/2, M3/3]= 32
I=incisor, C= canine, P premolar, M= molar
deciduous dental formula
2[I2/2, CI/I, M2/2]= 20 or 2[I2/2, CI/I, P0/0, M2/2]= 20
occlusal surface of a tooth
the the surface that faces the opposite dental arch
lingual surface of a toothe
surface adjacent to the tongue
palatal surface of tooth
the lingual surface on the superior teeth
vestibular surface of a tooth
the surface oriented toward the oral vestibule
buccal surface of a tooth
the more posterior teeth- to the cheek
approximate surface of the tooth
faces adjacent teeth in the same dental arch “the dental floss” area
mesial surface of a tooth
surface that is oriented toward the edian plane
distal surface of a tooth
the opposite approximate surface is the distal surface of the tooth
gullet
the passageway connecting the oral cavity and pharynx
tonsillar fossa
depression in the lateral wall of the pharynx between the palatoglossal and platopharyngeal arches
pharynx
passageway serves both the digestive nd respiratory system
nasal part of the pharynx
positioned above the level of the soft palate
oral part of the pharynx
located directly posterior to the gullet
laryngeal part of the pharynx
extends inferiorly to the opening of the esophagus and positioned posterior the superior part of the larynx
esophagus
musculomembranous tube about 25cm in length that connects the laryngeal of the pharynx to the stomach
stomach
storage organ
gastric folds
the mocosa of the stomach has large folds
greater curvature of the stomach
the outside lateral perimeter of the stomach
lesser curvature of the stomach
the inside medial perimeter of the stomach
cardiac part of the stomach
adjacent to and surrounding the cardiac opening where the esophagus enters
fundus of the stomach
the portion of the stomach which bulges above and tot he left of the vertical line thought entrence of the esophagus
body of the stomach
positioned between the fundus and the pyloric part
pyloric part of the stomach
the last third of the stomach that funnels down to join the pylorus
pyloric antrum
distal to the body and proximal to the pyloric canal
pyloric canal
terminal end of the pyloric part of the stomach
pylorus of the stomach
junction of the stomach with the duodenum
pyloric opening
entryway from the lumen of the pyloric anal to the pylorus
pyloric sphincter muscle
is a modification (thickening) of the circular layer of a smooth
small intestine
averages about 6.5 meters in length
duodenum
initial 25-30 cm of small intestine
superior part of the duodenum
the initial
superior duodenal flexure
the bend where the superior part of the duodenum turns 180
descending part of the duodenum
portion of the duodenum between the superior and inferior duodenal flexures
major duodenal papilla
projection from the luminal wall on which the hepatopancreatic ampulla opens
minor duodenal papilla
projection from the luminal wall
inferior duodenal papilla
the bend where the descending part of the duodenum turns 90 to the left to become horizontal part
horizontal part of the duodenum
transversely oriented portion of the duodenum
ascending part of the duodenum
portion of the duodenum between the horizontal part and the duodenojejunal flexure
duodenojejunal flexure
the bend at the superior aspect of the ascending part of the duodenum that marks the junction of the duodenum and jejunum
jejunum
portion of small intestine that extends between the duodenum and ileum
ileum
the terminal portion of the intestine
large intestine
about 1.5 meters long
taeniae of the colon
tree longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that are visible on the surface of the colon
sacculations of the colon
the colic bulges that from due to the presence of the taeniae coli
epiploic appendages of the colon
peritoneal covered tabs of fat attaches assist in removing fluid from the chyme
cecum
the blind-ended portion of the large intestine that projects below the entry of the ileum
vermiform appendiz
a blind-ended tube about 6 to 9 cm long
colon
portion of the large intestine between cecum and rectum
ascending colon
initial portion which is directed superiorly along the right side of the abdominal cavity
right colic flexure
the 90 bend where the ascending colon turns to the left to become the transverse colon
transverse colon
the horizontally-oriented segment of the colon between the right colic flexure and the left colic flexure.
left colic flexure
90 bend where transverse colon turns inferiorly to become the descending colon
descending colon
inferiorly- directed segment of colon coursing down along the left side of the abdominal cavity
sigmoid colon
tortuous terminal segment of the colon within the pelvis
rectum
straight portion of the large intestine 15 cm long
anal canal
the terminal portion of the large intestine about 2.5 cm long
anus
the terminal opening of the anal canal
liver
the largest gland and largest internal organ in the body
diaphragmatic surface of the liver
superior aspect of the liver
visceral surface of the liver
inferior aspect of the liver
hepatic porta
central indentation on the visceral surface
right lobe of the liver
the largest liver lobe tot he right of the hepatic porta
left lobe of the liver
largest liver lobe to the left of the hepatic porta
quadrate lobe of the liver
smallest lobe of the liver
caudate lobe of the liver
the posterosuperior to the hepatic porta
gallbladder
a storage organ for the bile produced by the liver
gunds of the gallbladder
dilated inferior portion
body of the gallbladder
portion superior to the fundus
neck of the gallbladder
portion superior to the fundus
cystic duct
channel that carries bile to/ from the neck of the gallbladder
left hepatic duct
the main bile drainage from the left side of the liver
right hepatic duct
the main bile drainage from the right side of the liver
common hepatic duct
the vessel formed by joining of the right and left hepatic ducts
bile duct
duct formed by the joining of the cystic and common hepatic ducts
hepatopancreatic ampulla
dilation after the junction of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct
pancreas
gland that is positioned along the superior aspect of the horizontal part of the duodenum
head of the pancreas
rounded, right end of the pancreas
neck of the pancreas
part between the head and the body of the pancreas
body of the pancreas
extends to the left from the head of the pancreas
tail of the pancreas
tapered end to the left of the body of the pancreas
pancreatic duct
the larger of the two ducts
accessory pancreatic duct
located mostly in the head of the pancreas
peritoneum
serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs
parietal peritoneum
lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall an attaches to various organs in the abdomen and pelvis
visceral peritoneum
covers the surfaces of the organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities
peritoneal cavity
the potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
greater omentum
double layer of peritoneum attaching to the greater curvature of the stomach and extending to the transverse colon
lesser omentum
double layer of the peritoneum extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and duodenum
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum between the posterior abdominal wall and the jejunum and ileum
mesocolon
double layer of peritoneum attaching the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
double layer of peritoneum extending to the diaphragmatic surface of the liver from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall