Unit 8 #2

Question 1

Malcolm X

Answer 1

an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist

Question 2

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Answer 2

an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 3

Thurgood Marhall

Answer 3

a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education, a 1954 decision that ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional.

Question 4

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 4

Legislation in 1965 that overturned a variety of practices by which states systematically denied voter registration to minorities.

Question 5

League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)

Answer 5

established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanic veterans of World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States

Question 6

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Answer 6

also known as the Hart–Celler Act, changed the way quotas were allocated by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Question 7

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Answer 7

Request to Congress from President Lyndon Johnson in response to North Vietnamese torpedo boat attacks in which he sought authorization for “all necessary measures” to protect American forces and stop further aggression.

Question 8

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Answer 8

The leading student organization of the New Left of the early and mid-1960s.

Question 9

counterculture

Answer 9

Various alternatives to mainstream values and behaviors hat became popular in the 1960s, including experimentation with psychedelic drugs, communal living, a return to the land, Asian religions, and experimental art

Question 10

Woodstock festival

Answer 10

a music festival attracting an audience of over 400,000 people, scheduled over three days on a dairy farm in New York state from August 15 to 17, 1969, but ultimately ran four days long, ending August 18, 1969

Question 11

War on Poverty

Answer 11

Set of programs introduced by Lyndon Johnson between 1963 and 1966 designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing funds for job training, community development, nutrition, and supplementary education.

Question 12

Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)

Answer 12

Federal agency that coordinated many programs of the War on Poverty between 1964 and 1975.

Question 13

Medicare

Answer 13

Basic medical insurance for the elderly, financed through the federal government program created in 1965

Question 14

Tet Offensive

Answer 14

a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam

Question 15

My Lai Massacre

Answer 15

Killing of twenty-two Vietnamese civilians by U.S. forces during a 1968 search-and-destroy mission

Question 16

Black Power

Answer 16

Philosophy emerging after 1965 that real economic and political gains for African Americans could come only through self-help, self-determination, and organizing for direct political influence.

Question 17

Black Panthers

Answer 17

Political and social movement among black Americans, founded in Oakland, California, in 1966 that emphasized black economic and political power.

Question 18

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Answer 18

Group of Native-American political activists who used confrontations with the federal government to publicize their case for Indian rights.

Question 19

Cesar Chavez

Answer 19

an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association

Question 20

United Farm Workers Union

Answer 20

labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers’ rights organizations, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong, and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta.

Question 21

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 21

It was written by Betty Friedan which is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States

Question 22

Gloria Steinem

Answer 22

an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist, who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the feminist movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s

Question 23

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Answer 23

an American feminist organization founded in 1966

Question 24

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 24

proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters

Question 25

Griswold v. Connecticut

Answer 25

Established right to use of contraceptives for married couples (privacy)

Question 26

Miranda v. Arizona

Answer 26

Miranda rights read by police

Question 27

Roe v. Wade

Answer 27

abortion

Question 28

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 28

Upheld affirmative action but ruled specific racial quotas were unconstitutional

Question 29

Phyllis Schlafly

Answer 29

staunchly conservative social and political views, her opposition to feminism and abortion, and her successful campaign against the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 30

Trail of Broken Treaties

Answer 30

1972 event staged by AIM that culminated in a week-long occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington D.C.

Question 31

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)

Answer 31

Treaty signed in 1972 by the United States and the Soviet Union to slow the nuclear arms race.

Question 32

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer 32

Federal agency created in 1970 to oversee environmental monitoring and cleanup programs

Question 33

Rachel Carson

Answer 33

an American marine biologist, author, and conservationist whose book Silent Spring and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement.

Question 34

Clean Air Act

Answer 34

It is one of the United States’ first and most influential modern environmental laws, and one of the most comprehensive air quality laws in the world.

Question 35

Watergate

Answer 35

A complex scandal involving attempts to cover up illegal actions taken by administration officials and leading to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.

Question 36

Pentagon Papers

Answer 36

Classified Defense Department documents on the history of the United States’ involvement in Vietnam, prepared in 1968 and leaked to the press in 1971.

Question 37

Suez Crisis

Answer 37

an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France. The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser from power

Question 38

OPEC

Answer 38

Cartel of oil-producing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that gained substantial power over the world economy in the mid- to late- 1970s by controlling the production and price of oil.

Question 39

Sun Belt

Answer 39

The states of the American South and Southwest

Question 40

Domino Theory

Answer 40

a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect