Unit 8 #1

Question 1

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 1

International organizations established in 1945 to assist nations in maintaining stable currencies.

Question 2

World Bank

Answer 2

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital programs.

Question 3

Cold War

Answer 3

The political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Unions and the United States that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989.

Question 4

Truman Doctrine

Answer 4

Doctrine pronounced in President Harry Truman’s statement in 1947 that the United States should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution.

Question 5

Marshall plan

Answer 5

Secretary of State George C. Marshall’s European Recovery Plan of June 5, 1947, committing the United State to help in the rebuilding of post-World War II Europe.

Question 6

Berlin blockade

Answer 6

Three-hundred-day Soviet blockade of land access to United States, British, and French occupation zones in Berlin, 1948-1949.

Question 7

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 7

Organization of ten European countries, Canada, and the United States who together formed a mutual defense pact in April 1949.

Question 8

Military–industrial complex (MIC)

Answer 8

The military–industrial complex (MIC) is an informal alliance between a nation’s military and the arms industry which supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy.

Question 9

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 9

Federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes.

Question 10

Dixiecrat

Answer 10

States’ Rights Democrat.

Question 11

National Security Council (NSC)

Answer 11

The formal policymaking body for national defense and foreign relations, created in 1947 and consisting of the president, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and others appointed by the president.

Question 12

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Answer 12

Agency established in 1947 that coordinates the gathering and evaluation of military and economic information on other nations.

Question 13

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Answer 13

Originally intended to ferret out pro-Fascists, it later investigated “un-American propaganda” that attacked constitutional government.

Question 14

McCarthyism

Answer 14

Anti-Communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo.

Question 15

G.I. Bill

Answer 15

Legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits.

Question 16

Korean War

Answer 16

Pacific war started on June 25, 1950, when North Korea, helped by Soviet equipment and Chinese training, attacked South Korea.

Question 17

National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68)

Answer 17

Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War.

Question 18

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Answer 18

Measure that provided federal funding to build a nationwide system of interstate and defense highways.

Question 19

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

Answer 19

1958 act that allocated $280 million in grants for state universities to upgrade their science facilities, created $300 million in low-interest loans for college students, and provided fellowship support for graduate students planning to go into college and university teaching.

Question 20

Beat Movement

Answer 20

Central elements of Beat culture are rejection of standard narrative values, spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.

Question 21

Jack Kerouac

Answer 21

Jack Kerouac was an American writer best known for the novel On the Road, which became an American classic, pioneering the Beat Generation in the 1950s.

Question 22

Nikita Kruschev

Answer 22

First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1953-1964

Question 23

Détente

Answer 23

(French for “easing of tension.”) Used to describe the new U.S. relations with China and the Soviet Union in 1970.

Question 24

Geneva Accord

Answer 24

Accord that called for reunification and national elections in Vietnam in 1956.

Question 25

New Frontier

Answer 25

John F. Kennedy’s domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate sense of national purpose and energy.

Question 26

Alliance for Progress

Answer 26

Program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy administration.

Question 27

Bay of Pigs

Answer 27

Site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing of fourteen hundred anti-Castro Cuban refugees in April 1961.

Question 28

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 28

Crisis between the Soviet Union and the United States over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Question 29

Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Answer 29

Treaty, signed by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, outlawing nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water.

Question 30

Great Society

Answer 30

Theme of Lyndon Johnson’s administration, focusing on poverty, education, and civil rights.

Question 31

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 31

Civil rights group formed in 1942 committed to nonviolent civil disobedience.

Question 32

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 32

Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared that “separate but equal” schools for children of different races violated the Constitution.

Question 33

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 33

Black civil rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr. and other clergy.

Question 34

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 34

The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

Question 35

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 35

Black civil rights organization founded in 1960 that drew heavily on younger activists and college students.

Question 36

Freedom rides

Answer 36

Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional

Question 37

March on Washington

Answer 37

was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to stand up for civil and economic rights for African Americans during a time when racism was more prevalent throughout society. At the march, Martin Luther King Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic “I Have a Dream” speech in which he called for an end to racism

Question 38

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 38

Federal legislation that outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, skin color, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 39

Freedom Summer

Answer 39

Voter registration effort in rural Mississippi organized by black and white civil rights workers in 1964.

Question 40

Nation of Islam (NOI)

Answer 40

Religious movement among black Americans that emphasizes self-sufficiency, self-help, and separation from white society.