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AP Euro > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Enlightenment’s effect on French Revolution

A

-main ideology
-criticized absolutism
-advocated for popular sovereignty
-Natural Rights
-classical liberalism

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2
Q

American Revolution’s effect of French Revolution

A

-Enlightened actions
-France involved
-Rivals w/ England
-French-Indian War

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3
Q

Ancien Regime

A

Period before French Revolution (1789)

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4
Q

Estates system

A

Class structure

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5
Q

First Esate

A

-clergy
-exempt from taxes (taille)

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6
Q

Second Estate

A

-nobility
-exempt from taxes
-feudal privileges
-corvee

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7
Q

Third Estate

A

-everyone else
-Bourgeoisie
-wealthy, Enlightened, and educated
-could become noblesse de robe
-Artisans
-urban workers
-Peasants
-rural agriculture workers

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8
Q

Parlement

A

-French judicial courts
-made of nobles

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9
Q

Louis XV

A

-had Rene de Maupeou check parlements
-Madame Pompadour -> desacralization of king

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10
Q

Rene de Maupeou

A

-Chancellor under Louis XV
-parlements checked monarchy -> got rid of them

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11
Q

Madame de Pompadour

A

-mistress of Louis XV
-believed to be making political decisions -> desacralization

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12
Q

Louis XVI

A

-dismissed Maupeou
-mistake because no one checking parlements
-Married Marie Antoinette

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13
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

-married Louis XVI
-not well liked
-hated peasants
-had a luxury lifestyle that peasants paid for

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14
Q

Financial issues

A

-debt from wars
-Louis XIV’s war
-American Revolution
-can’t pay due to inadequate tax base

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15
Q

Charles de Calonne

A

-Financial advisors of Louis XIV
-calls upon Assembly of Notables
-nobles say that he needs to call upon Estates General

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16
Q

Cashiers de Doléances

A

-king asked different estates to give their grievances

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17
Q

Voting issues

A

-every estate got 1 vote
-Third Estate wanted to have more delegates and vote by head

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18
Q

Abbé Sieyès

A

-“What is the Third Estate?”
-1st Estate

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19
Q

“What is the Third Estate?”

A

-Abbé Sieyès
-advocated for third estate being more representated
-Third Estate does everything and 1st and 2nd do nothing

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20
Q

Estates General of May 1789

A

-voting issue not solved
-creation of National Assembly

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21
Q

National Assembly

A

-Enlightened 1 and 2 and all of 3 estate
-formed in response to the voting issue of the Estates General 1789
-legal equality
-created a constitution
-no more estates

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22
Q

Intellectuals joining French Revolution

A

-Enlightened morals

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23
Q

3rd estate in French Revolution

A

Realistic and practical concerns

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24
Q

Louis XVI’s response to National Assembly

A

Mercenaries meeting in Paris to go to Versailles

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25
Storming of the Bastille
-Parisians went to gather arms to fight the king -July 14th 1789
26
The Great Fear
-Summer of 1789 -Peasants hear that nobles will fight them -Peasants destroyed all feudal objects -Nobles flee to get support
27
August 4th Decrees
-National Assembly abolishes feudalism -legal equality
28
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
-blueprint for constitution -National Assembly
29
The Women’s March on Versailles
-women want to feed their children -monarchs escorted to Tuileries
30
New women’s rights
-divorce -property -child support
31
Olympe de Gouge
The Declaration of the Rights of Women
32
The Declaration of the Rights of Women
-Olympe de Gouge -feminist rewrite of the Declaration of the Rights of Man
33
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
-monarchs used to use Church as extension of power -created national church -peasants bought sold church property w/ assignats -clergy men elected -loyal to state, not Pope -secularizing France -benefitted Bourgeoisie -limited power of 1 + 2 estate -made 3rd estate mad -> alienation
34
Assignats
Paper currency
35
Constitution of September 1791
-limited powers of the king -absolute monarchy -> constitutional monarchy -Louis XVI have to accept because of Flight to Varennes
36
Flight to Varennes
-Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette flee France -get help from Austria -Louis XVI tried for treason
37
Legislative Assemby
-replaces National Assembly when Constitution of September 1791 is issued -National Assembly could not join -more participatory -more classes = more division -property qualification still needed to vote
38
Edmund Burke
-Reflections on the Revolution in France -Conservative
39
Reflections on the Revolution in France
-Edmund Burke -not in favor of change -takes time to make change -power trying to get rid of will just come back -predicting dictatorship
40
Thomas Paine
Rights of Man
41
Rights of Man
-Thomas Paine -not governing based on the past -government exists to serve the current people
42
Declaration of Pillnitz
-issued by Austria and Prussia -feared popular revolution spreading -willing to go to war with France to restore monarchy -France agrees to go to war -war unites country against common enemy -nationalism -spread revolutionary ideals -kings/royalists -want to restore power
43
Rise of Factions in Legislative Assembly
More classes = different views and goals
44
Centrists
-moderates -no extreme views -swing depending on issue
45
Conservatives
-constitutional monarchy
46
Ultra-conservatives
-ancien regime -absolute monarchy (royalists) -feudal privileges -traditional values -Catholic Church -nobles, clergy, and peasants
47
Classical Liberals
-Enlightened -representative legislative body -everyone can vote besides peasants - not enlightened -equal opportunity -legal equality -economic liberalism -individuals make decisions about trade without involvement of government -Bourgeoise
48
Radicals
-republic -universal male sufferage -everyone pays taxes -separation of church and state -sans-culottes
49
Sans-culottes
-Working class of city -consigned with economic crises and everyday needs
50
Jean Paul Marat
-radical leader -wrote in revolutionary newspaper
51
The Jacobin
Political club
52
Brunswick Manifesto
Prussia threatening to raze Paris if harm went to royal family
53
Fall of French Monarchy
-mob attacked Tuileries -royal family went to Legislative Assembly -fall of monarchy and Legislative Assembly
54
Paris Commune
Temporary government that took over Legislative Assembly
55
Georges Danton
-radical speaker -face of the Committee of Public Safety
56
The September Massacres (1792)
-rumors that royalist prisoners were plotting with allied invaders -mob stormed and killed prisoners
57
The National Convention
-voted by universal male sufferage -first Republic of France -abolished the monarchy -Many were Jacobins
58
Girondists
-Conservative Jacobins -based in provinces
59
The Mountain
-liberal Jacobins -led by Robespierre and Danton -extremists -supported by sans-culottes
60
The Plains
-moderate Jacobins
61
The First Coalition
Everyone vs. France
62
The Levee en Masse
-national draft of France -Counterrevolutionary reactions -Vendee -farmers don’t want to be drafter -Lions and Marseilles -didn’t want Paris calling everything
63
Committee of Public Safety
-national emergency -absolute power to government -led by Robespierre
64
Robespierre
-create a republic of virtue -equality -laws are what the people want -hypocritical because terror -> virtue -patriotism
65
Culture of Enlightened Rationalims
-“citoyen” -Law of Maximum -command economy -metric system -dechristianization -religion = ancien regime -Cult of the Supreme Being
66
Law of Maximum
Max cost on essentials
67
France’s war effort
-total war -all work for army -nationalizing businesses -nationalism
68
The Reign of Terror
-1793-1794 -killed anyone deemed an enemy of the nation
69
Jacques-Louis David
-Painted Death of Marat
70
The Thermidorian Reaction
-1794 -end of Reign of Terror -Convention arrests Robespierre

AP Euro (9 decks)

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