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AP Euro > Middle Ages > Flashcards

Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic system tied to feudalism where serfs worked for lords on manors

A

Manorialism

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2
Q

Event that was a turning point to the Middle Ages

A

Fall of the Roman Empire

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3
Q

What did the Fall of the Roman Empire cause?

A

Political decentralization

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4
Q

System of government where there are lords and vassals

A

Feudalism

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5
Q

Aristocrats

A

Nobles

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6
Q

Served lords, but are still nobles

A

Vassals

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7
Q

Sworn loyalty to a lord

A

Fealty

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8
Q

Land given to a vassal from a lord

A

Fief

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9
Q

Way that knights lived

A

Chivalry

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10
Q

Primary lord for a knight

A

Liege lord

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11
Q

King of England who:

  • led the Norman conquest
    -wrote the domesday book
    -vassal to Huge Capet
A

William of Normandy / William I

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12
Q

Census that allowed William of Normandy to collect taxes

A

Domesday book

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13
Q

King of England who:

  • conflicted with Thomas Becket
  • married to Eleanor of Aquitaine
A

Henry II

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14
Q

Archbishop of Canterbury who was killed by the knights of Henry II

A

Thomas Becket

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15
Q

King of England who:

  • signed the Magna Carta
A

John I / John the Softsword

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16
Q

Document that limits the power of the king

A

Magna Carta

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17
Q

King of France who:

  • started the Capetian Dynasty
A

Huge Capet

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18
Q

Married to Henry II

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

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19
Q

King of France who:

  • conquered more territory than his nobles
A

Philip Augustus

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20
Q

Holy Roman Emperor who:

  • was the first emperor
A

Charlemagne

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21
Q

Holy Roman Emperor who:

  • had conflict with Pope Gregory VII
A

Henry IV

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22
Q

Holy Roman Emperor who:

  • wants to take over Italian city-states rather than rule over German nobles
A

Frederick Barbossa

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23
Q

New merchant class/middle class

A

Bourgeoise

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24
Q

Trade associations

A

Guilds

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25
Q

Church officials

A

Clergy

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26
Q

Highest authority in the Church

A

Pope

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27
Q

Missions sponsored by Church to reclaim the Holy Land away from Infidels/Muslims

A

Crusades

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28
Q

Pope superior to all

A

Papal supremacy

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29
Q

Nobility gave Church positions out

A

Lay Investure

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30
Q

Pope who had conflict with Henry IV and removed him after the end of Lay Investure

A

Gregory VII

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31
Q

Ended Lay Investure

A

Concordat of Worms

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32
Q

Monks living away from society

A

Monasticism

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33
Q

Rules monks needed to live by

A

Benedictine Rules

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34
Q

Architecture style:

  • dark, short buildings
A

Romanesque style

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35
Q

Architecture style:

  • ribbed vaulting
  • flying buttresses
  • stained glass
A

Gothic style

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36
Q

External support for Gothic style

A

Flying butresses

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37
Q

Poets

A

Troubadours

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38
Q

Movement that stressed using logic to support a truth

A

Scholasticism

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39
Q

Well known Scholastic

A

Peter Abelard

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40
Q

Scholastic who wrote Summa Theologica

A

Thomas Aquinas

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41
Q

Time where temperatures decreased and storms increased

A

Little Ice Age

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42
Q

Effect of climate change

A

Great Famine

43
Q
  • increased disease because of environment and weakened immune systems
  • decreased population because of migration
A

Effects of the Great Famine

44
Q

spread of the plague

A

Mongol empire -> Silk Road -> Genoese ships in Black Sea -> Sicily + Florence

45
Q

Boils filled with puss

A

Bubos

46
Q
  • Wrote the Decameron
A

Giovanni Boccaccio

47
Q
  • Weakened government
  • People turned for clergy for support
A

Political impacts of the Plague

48
Q

Economic effects of the Plague

A
  • Decrease of serfdom
  • Increase of wages
49
Q

Repented extremely in public

A

Flaggellent

50
Q

Infected fleas bit rats and people

A

Cause of the plague

51
Q
  • punishment from God
  • imbalance of fluids
  • toxins in the air
  • Jews poisoning wells
A

Perceived causes of the Plague

52
Q

Increased immediately because Clergy stayed behind, but then decreased over time

A

Status of the Church

53
Q

Jews being persecuting for being more wealthy

A

Scapegoating

54
Q

Angevin

A

English kingdom

55
Q

Capetian

A

French kingdom

56
Q

Modern day Belgium. Luxembourg, and Netherlands

A

Low country

57
Q
  • fief to France
  • in wool trade with England
A

Flanders

58
Q

Aquitaine given to England as a fief

A

Treaty of Paris 1259

59
Q

Philip VI seized Aquitaine

A

Territorial dispute that causes One Hundred Year War

60
Q

Last Capetian king

A

Charles IV

61
Q

Nephew of Charles IV

A

Edward III

62
Q

Law stating that no woman or her heir could inherit the French throne

A

Salic Law

63
Q

Sister of Charles IV

A

Isabella

64
Q

Who French nobles chose to be their king

A

Philip VI

65
Q

Allied themselves with France to invade England

A

Scotland

66
Q

Allied themselves with England to maintain power

A

Dukes of Burgundy

67
Q

Allied themselves with France as an act of featy

A

Flemish lords’ position on Hundred Years’ war

68
Q

Allied themselves with England due to trade

A

Flemish merchants

69
Q
  • war taught of French soil
  • advanced military technology
A

English advantage in the Hundred Year War

70
Q
  • long bow
  • cannons
A

English military technology

71
Q

Had visions from saints telling her that:

  • the English need to be kicked out of France
  • Charles VII needed to be crowned king
A

Joan of Arc

72
Q
  • Captured by Burgundians
  • sold to England
  • held for random
  • Charles VII refused to pay
  • England gives her to the Church
  • tried for heresy and witch craft
  • burnt at stake
A

Death of Joan of Arc

73
Q

Next in line for a thrown

A

Dauphin

74
Q
  • Dauphin of France during the Hundred Years War
  • betrays Joan of Arc
A

Charles VII

75
Q
  • farm land destroyed
  • trade disruption
A

Economic effects of the Hundred Years’ War

76
Q
  • rise of representative assemblies
  • increased nationalism due to propaganda
A

political effects of the hundred years’ war

77
Q
  • English Parliament
  • German Diets
  • Spanish Courts
  • French Estates General
A

representative democracies

78
Q
  • cannons were expensive
  • only central governments could afford
  • rise in national armies
A

military effect that led to the decline of feudalism

79
Q

People who believe in the Catholic Church

A

Lay people/laity

80
Q

Laity -> priests -> Bishops -> Archbishops -> Cardinals -> Pope -> God

A

Clerical Hierarchy

81
Q

Pope who:
- Issued the Unam Sanctum
- Conflicted with King Philip IV

A

Pope Boniface VIII

82
Q

Temporal

A

Worldly

83
Q

King of France who:

  • conflicted with Pope Boniface VIII
A

King Philip IV

84
Q

Papal bull that stated:

  • Spiritual power was to be handled by the Church
  • Temporal power handled by kings, but only in a way that the Church allowed
A

Unam Sanctum

85
Q

Sends people to attack and kidnap Pope Boniface VIII

A

King Philip IV’s response to the Unam Sanctum

86
Q

Period of time where Popes lived in Avignon instead of Rome

A

Babylonian Captivity

87
Q
  • authority questioned because they were influenced by French kings
  • Popes lived materialistic lives
A

Decline in papal prestige during the Babylonian Captivity

88
Q

Time where there was two Popes

A

The Great Schism

89
Q

Italian Pope who:

  • was chosen during the Great Schism
  • called out corrupt officials
A

Pope Urban VI

90
Q

French Pope who:

  • Was chosen by nobles to counter Pope Urban VI
A

Pope Clement VII

91
Q

Decreased because laity did not know who to believe

A

Papal prestige during Great Schism

92
Q
  • England supported because they are enemies of France
  • Holy Roman Empire supported because they have close ties to these Popes
A

Urban VI supporters

93
Q
  • France supported because pope was in Avignon
  • Scotland supported because they were allied with France
  • Spain supported because of geography
A

Supporters of Clement VII

94
Q

Believed in separation between Church and State

A

William of Occam

95
Q
  • Wrote the Defensor Pacis
  • Believed that State should be above the Church
A

Marsiglio of Padua

96
Q

Council made of lay people and the clergy that make decisions

A

Conciliar movement

97
Q

Failed council that tried to end the Great Schism, but ended up with three popes

A

Council of Pisa

98
Q

Final resolution of the Great Schism which picked a new Pope

A

Council of Constance

99
Q

Founded the lollards

A

John Wycliffe

100
Q

People who believed that the Scripture should hold all the power in Catholicism

A

Lollards

101
Q

Lollard who spread the beliefs to Czech/Bohemia

A

Jan Hus

102
Q

Groups of people who did Church and community services

A

Confraternities

103
Q

Spiritual events that bring people closer to God

A

Mysticism

AP Euro (2 decks)

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