UNIT 8 Flashcards
Ch 13 and Ch 14 / Civil War / Reconstruction / Lincoln
What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Anti-slavery book that brought up the injustices of slavery
Why is Uncle Tom’s Cabin important (AKA what did it do?)
Influences England’s view on slavery, converted Northerns to anti-slavery
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who was John Brown?
A very committed abolitionist
What did John Brown plan? What was his goal?
A raid on a federal arsenal: Provide slaves with weapons and influence them to start a rebellion.
What happens to John Brown’s plan?
Virginia finds out. American soldiers overrun Brown and his followers. Arrest him and his men for treason, then execute him.
Why was John Brown significant to the Civil War?
Pretty much said, “Violence is the only way to solve to pro-slavery vs anti-slavery dispute”.
What was the Compromise of 1850? What was it for?
Composed of 5 bills: that separated tensions between slave states and free states
What the Compromise of 1850 did to the states:
- Established California as a state but as a free state
- Let Utah and Mexico decide for themselves
- Set a new Texas-New Mexico boundary
What was the Fugitive Slave law?
A law that said that escaped slaves must be returned to their owners even if they had reached a free state.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
A compromise to handle slavery in new states being admitted to the Union.
What 2 states entered the Union at the same time as the Mis. Comp ? How did the Union handle slavery with these?
Maine and Missouri. They made Maine a free state and Missouri a slave state.
When was the Missouri Compromise passed?
March 2nd, 1820
What did the Missouri Compromise create?
An imaginary line was drawn across the remainder of the Louisiana territory. North of the line, slavery was forbidden.
Did the Missouri Compromise benefit or cause problems in the future? Why?
It caused problems as more states got admitted, and the slave state/free state ratio got more unbalanced in favor of free states.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?
Repealed the Missouri Compromise, set up Kansas and Nebraska as states, and allowed each state to use popular sovereignty to decide what that state would do about slavery
When was the Kansas- Nebraska Act? When was Bleeding Kansas?
The Act was in 1855, Bleeding Kansas 1856
What was Bleeding Kansas?
In response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the aggravated tensions between the North and South led to this
Who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Stephen A. Douglas
How did the North react to Kansas becoming a slave state?
Most were anti-slavery, they were mostly against Kansas becoming a slave state.
How did the South react to Kansas becoming a slave state?
Pro-slavery Southerners wanted Kansas to become a slave state and supported this.
What was the Dred Scott Case about?
Dred Scott- a slave in Missouri-was moved to Illinois and sued his owner because IL was a free state and he should’ve been freed. The family appeals this.
What was the outcome of the Dred Scott case?
Went to the Supreme Court - they say a slave (not a citizen) has “no legal protection or right to bring a lawsuit”
Does Congress have the power to ban slavery?
No, Congress has no legal power to ban slavery anywhere
What did the Court decide after Dred Scott?
Slavery can exist anywhere and slaves have no rights, then they called the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
The first candidate of the Republican Party was…
…Abraham Lincoln
When was the Republican Party formed?
The party was founded in 1854
Who founded the Republican Party?
Anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act
What did the Republican Party argue?
That free market labor was superior to slavery
PRE WAR: Lincoln’s view on slavery?
-Opposed the expansion of slavery
- Had no intention of interfering with slavery where it already existed.
The Election of 1860 was important… why?
It was the breaking point of an already unstable nation
The Election of 1860 went 4 ways between WHO?
- Abraham Lincoln
- John Breckinridge
- John Bell
- Stephen Douglas
Abraham Lincoln was a… (party)
Republican
John Breckinridge was a… (party)
Democrat
John Bell was part of the… (party)
Constitutional Union Party
In the Election of 1860, ____ won __% of the populaor vote and most of the electoral collage.
Abraham Lincoln, 40%
After the Election of 1860, states started to seceed from the Union. What states were they?
SOUTH CAROLINA (first), Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
WHY did the states seceed after Election of 1860?
They were worried Lincoln would prevent or limit slavery.
First state to seceed from the Union?
South Carolina
When was the Attack on Fort Sumter?
April 12th, 1861
What was the Attack on Fort Sumter?
Confederate Troops fired on Fort Sumter in a South Carolina harbor, attempting to test Abraham Lincoln’s will to resist secession
Why was the Attack on Fort Sumter important?
It was said to be the first attack during the Civil War, marking the beginning of this war.
Northern after effects to the Attack on Fort Sumter?
insisted that they take military action against this attack
Southern after effects to the Attack on Fort Sumter?
The Confederate states benefited from this attack as it prompted four more states to join the Confederacy
The Confederacy had the advantage of… and disadvantages of…
+ knowing the terrain
- affected by the blockade/difficulty importing manufactured goods
The Union had the advantage of… and disadvantages of…
+ so much more manpower
+larger population
+more modernized
-economy of the south failing
The border states were (FREE OR SLAVE?) states and cosisted of the states…
SLAVE STATES : Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and West Virginia
What was the Anaconda plan about?
Northern plan that would prevent trade and devestate the South by weakening them
What did the Anaconda plan do?
Caused a shortage of supplies for confederates.
What was Bull Run?
The first full-scale battle of the Civil War.
When was Bull Run/Manassas?
July 21st, 1861
Who won Bull Run/Manassas?
The Confederacy
What was the Southern Cotton Embargo?
Confederacy refused to sell cotton to European countries unless they gave them military support.
When was Antietam?
September 1862
Who won Antietam? (ALMOST a trick question…)
The Union TECHNICALLY. However, the battle had no clear winner, but because General Lee withdrew to Virginia, McClellan was considered the winner
What was significant about Antietam?
Deadliest one-day battle in American military history
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
A proclamation by Abraham Lincoln that declared people within the rebellious states should be freed.
The Emancipation Proclamation was basically ignored by Southern States. Why does it still matter?
It established Lincolns current position on slavery and how it’s changed since pre-war
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Abolished slavery as an institution in all U.S. states and territories
What were the Draft riots about?
They ranged from anti-Black, anti-rich, AND anti-Republican.
What were the Draft riots like at the start? The end?
What started as an assault on draft headquarters, soon the rioters attacked wealthy homes, then they’d murder African Americans.
How long was the Draft Riot 1863 and where did it happen?
Four-days of violence in New York City
Commander over all Union forces
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was given the task to divide the South?
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman
What was Sherman’s goal?
To march across GA from Atlanta to Savannah on the coast, severing the South in half
What was Sherman’s idea of war?
TOTAL WAR… meant to inflict maximum damage on the fabric of Southern life
When does Sherman capture Atlanta?
September, 1864
What does Sherman do with Atlanta once captured?
Burns it to the ground, then begins the 285-mile “March to the Sea” to Savannah
What did Sherman do on his march?
Destroys everything in his path
- burns towns & villages
- kills livestock
- burns crops
- tears up railroad tracks
- pulls down telegraph wire
What did Sherman do with slaves that ran away and wanted to joing his army?
Turned them away
What did Radical Republicanists believe?
Lincoln and Johnsons’ plans for reconstruction were too soft.
What did the RR’s want to do with Reconstruction?
-Confiscate land from the confederates and redistribute it to poor white people and former slaves.
-Organize the South into military zones for occupation.
What was significant about RR’s and Congress in 1866?
RR’s ruled most of it at the time
Reasons the North won:
- superior resources (including manpower)
- transportation,
- industrial capacity
- leadership of President Abraham Lincoln
- military strategies of General Ulysses S. Grant
When did Lee surrender?
April, 1865
Why did Lee surrender?
Attempts an internal attack, realizes it is practically suicide, and retreats from Richmond.
Where did Lee surrender to General Grant?
Appomattox Court
Lincoln was assasinated when and where?
April 14, 1865 while attending the play “Our American Cousin” at Ford’s Theater in DC
How and who killed Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth, an actor, shot him in the head point-blank
Regarding the Union Army, AA soilders were originally…
…prevented from bearing arms
Discrimination agaisnt AA’s in the Union army included…
- lower pay with a uniform deduction graeter than what the whites received.
- African Americans got a total of $7 after their deduction whereas whites got $13.
What was the lure of propoganda for AA soilders back then?
African American men should join the Union Army because they would have protection and freedom with military duty.
What did the propoganda posters fail to mention?
- pay would be less than others
- many dangers
How many AA soilders died fighting for the Union Army
40,000 black soldiers died
WHAT happened to the AA’s soilders while on duty?
They faced levels of abuse and mistreatment?
WHat happened at Fort Pillow?
Confederate soldiers ended up shooting the black Union soldiers who were captured to death.
Who was General McClellan? Appointed by who?
A union general, appointed by Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army
How did McClellan fail? What happened to him?
Failed to defend the Confederacy at Antietam. Lincoln removed him from command.
Who was Clara Barton? What did she establish?
an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross.
What was sharecropping?
The legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
Why did sharecropping fail ultimately?
It was basically an unfair legal agreement that left tenants economically poor
What was Freedmen’s Bureau? When was it established?
established in 1865 by Congress to help thousands of struggling white people and African Americans in the South.
What did Freedmen’s Bureau do?
Freedmen’s Bureau provided housing and medical care, as well as establishing schools for children, allowed former slaves to be married, helped locate lost family members, and more.
What was the KKK goal?
- political defeat of the Republican Party
- absolute white supremacy
- intimidate Black voters and white supporters of the Republican Party
Leader of the KKK?
Former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest probably served as the overall leader.
KKK stands for…
Ku Klux Klan
Why was Radical Reconstruction was ultimately unsuccessful?
-Economic Depression in the South
- Democratic Party winning control of the House of Representatives (1874)
-The disputed 1876 presidential election was what officially ended Reconstruction.
