UNIT 1 Flashcards
Clovis Theory (4 points)
-Bering Straut land bridge
- Connected Russia and Alaska
-11,000 years ago
- Backed up by DNA links between modern Native Americans and Asians
The First Americans came from… and migrated to….
Asia —> South America
Reasons why the Europeans started exploration in the 1400s? (4 reasons)
- Quicker way to get to the opposite side of the continent
- Quicker trading routes
- Gold and resources
- New technology
First to start exploration? What gave them the advantage?
Portugal, the Caravel.
Where did the Portuguese explore?
Africa, India, China
Who began the system of colonization?
Christopher Columbus
Why did Ferdinand and Isabella support Columbus? (3 reasons)
They were young, desperate for new land, and jealous of Portugal.
Columbus thought he had reached … but he really ended up…
the Indies, the Bahamas
What did Columbus call the Native people?
Taino / Indians
Who named the Americas and discovered that it was not the Indies?
Amerigo Vespucci
Who were the Conquistadors?
Spanish conquerors
What did the Conquistadors do?
Explore and conquer parts of the Caribbean, as well as Central and South America.
What is the Encomienda System?
System of forced labor in Spanish colonies
Where was the Encomienda System used?
Latin America and the Philippines
What was the point of the Encomienda System?
It encouraged conquest and colonization
Columbian Exchange was the exchange of…
new diseases, foods, crops, animals, ideas, and populations between the “New World” and “Old World”
When was the Columbian Exchange? (After what)?)
After Christopher Columbus’s voyage in 1492
What was the Protestant Reformation?
An attempt to fix the Catholic Church
Why were people mad at the Catholic Church (Relating to the Reformation- 2 reasons)
- accepting indulgences to get into heaven
- the Pope was too wealthy
Who wrote a thesis against the Church? What was it called?
Martin Luther, the Ninety five Theses
Why did the English take a while to start Exploration?
There was conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants
Why did Henry VIII break from the church? What did he make instead?
He wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. He makes the Church of England (C of E)
Why did the Pope deny Henry?
He was worried about breaking off the support of Spain.
Why did England begin exploring the New World?
People wanted to find a place to practice their chosen faith
When did England start exploring the New World?
1497
Why did England explore the New World? (5 Reasons)
- Trade
- Land shortage
- Food shortages
- Competition with other European countries
- A place for the unemployed to get work
What made the French different? (3 points)
- They mostly got involved in the fur trade
- not for permanent settlements/ to colonize.
- Sought out native knowledge of hunting and trapping
Who became the dominant Naval power to dominate the exploration of the New World?
England!!!!
What were the missions of the Conquistadors?
To Christianize and civilize the natives.
What are the 3 G’s?
Gold, Glory, and God
How were the Indigenous impacted by exploration? (Other than being treated badly- 3 reasons)
- Changes in tribal and religious traditions
- Alliances and rivalries developed
- Loss in population
