MIDTERM Flashcards
Clovis Theory (4 points)
-Bering Straut land bridge
- Connected Russia and Alaska
-11,000 years ago
- Backed up by DNA links between modern Native Americans and Asians
The First Americans came from… and migrated to…
Asia —> South America
Who was Columbus? What’d he do?
Italian Explorer, Introduced Europeans to the New World
What actually happened with Columbus? AKA, where did he aim vs where did he end up?
Aimed for the Indies ended up in the New World
Why did Ferdinand and Isabella support Columbus?
Because they were desperate for new land and jealous of Portugal for their exploration achievements.
When did Columbus reach his destination? (And where did he reach?)
The Bahamas in October 1492
Who was the New World named after (The Americas…)
Amerigo Vespucci
What did Amerigo Vespucci do?
Discovered it was not the Indies and was a “New World”
Who were the Conquistadors?
Spanish explorers that conquered parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
Why were death rates for Indigenous People so high?
Introduction to new disease (brought by Europeans)
What was exchanged in the Columbian Exchange? (5 points)
- Germs
- Animals
- Plants
- People
- Cultures
When was the Columbian Exchange? (After what)?)
After Christopher Columbus’s voyage in 1492
JAMESTOWN
Established by the Virginia Company
in Spring 1607, England’s first permanent settlement, The Starving Time
What are Charter Companies?
A business that is incorporated and granted rights by a royal charter
What was the Virginia Charter Company?
Formed to bring in profit and establish an English colony in the New World
PLYMOUTH
pilgrims from England befriended the Native Americans and were taught about farming, fishing, and hunting.
The Mayflower Compact
an agreement that was made before the people riding the Mayflower landed in the new world - enacted laws and created jobs in office.
What is Religious dissent?
Dissent is a term used for all those Protestant religious groups and individuals who refused to conform to the Church of England, but who otherwise had very little in common
What were the 13 colonies?
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
Why were the 13 colonies established?
For a range of reasons- from the pursuit of fortunes and to escape from religious prosecution to the desire to create new forms of governments
Which colonies were the most religiously tolerant? (5 colonies)
- Massachusetts
- Connecticut
- Rhode Island
- Pennsylvania
- Maryland
How did the English treat the Native people?
They sold them into slavery(Both overseas and within New England) and were forced into servitude for limited terms within English households
What was the House of Burgesses?
Virginia General Assembly, the legislative body of the Colony of Virginia
What did the House of Burgesses do?
They would meet at least once a year with their royal governor to decide local laws and determine local taxation
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
An armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677
What is Mercantilism based on?
The idea was that a nation’s wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and reducing imports.
What were the Navigation Acts? What did they do?
Acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire: Restricted colonial trade to England and decreased dependence on foreign imported goods.
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade also called?
the Middle Passage
When was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
From 1525 to 1666
How many slaves were shipped to the New World?
12.5 million enslaved African people
Who were the main slave traders? (Groups not singular persons)
Portuguese, British, French, Spanish, and Dutch
Approximately how many slaves survived the Middle Passage?
10.7 million
What was the Triangle Trade?
Trade across the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, America, and Europe
What was exported in the Triangle Trade?
Slaves from Africa to the colonies, Raw goods from colonies to Europe, and textiles from Europe to Africa
Who participated in the French and Indian War?
The British, French, and Native Americans
What was the French and Indian War also called?
The 7-year War
How long did the French and Indian War last?
9 years
Who won the French and Indian War? What did they get?
The British - Land along the east coast and lots of war debt
What does the proclamation line do?
It doesn’t allow the colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains
What was the reason for the French and Indian War?
Fought over territory in the Ohio River Valley
What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) do?
Ended the French & Indian War - forced France to give up all its territories in mainland North America.
Who issued the Proclamation of 1763?
King George III
What did the intolerable acts do?
Allowed the British to take several punitive measures towards the colonies
Why were the intolerable acts passed?
To assert control over the colonies.
When was the Sugar Act instituted?
1764
What did the Sugar Act do?
Cut the duty on foreign molasses from 6 to 3 pence per gallon
When was the Stamp Act instituted?
1765
What did the Stamp Act do?
It taxed newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dice, and playing cards.
When was the Townshend Act instituted?
1767
What did the Townshend Act do?
Initiated taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea
What did the Tea Act do?
It allowed the East India Company to sell tea directly to the American colonies
What was the saying used by the Colonists in response to British acts and taxes?
“No taxation without representation”
What was the American strategy during the Revolution?
Avoid a direct assault on the British unless conditions are overwhelmingly favorable
How did the Enlightenment era have Influences on the Declaration?
The idea that every citizen has the right to reason, autonomy, and the notion that all human beings are equal by nature
What was the Final battle of the American Revolution?
Yorktown, VA
When was the battle of Yorktown, VA?
September 28, 1781 - October 19, 1781
What happened at the battle of Yorktown, VA?
The Patriots won with the help of French Blockage, the Washington siege, and over 7000 British and Hessian troops surrendered
What were the Articles of Confederation?
The written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
They made the government too weak.
What is a Republic?
A form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body
What was Federalism?
The division and sharing of power between the national and state governments
What was Bicameralism?
The practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers
What were anti-federalists?
People who were against the ratification of the Constitution and feared that the government was given too much power
