UNIT 2 Flashcards
What are indentured servants?
Poor English people, contracted themselves to wealthy VA landowner for 7 years in exchange for paid passage to VA
What were the morality rates of the Indentured Servants? Why?
High, 33-50% died before they were freed, disease, harsh treatment
By the ____, planters were importing slaves from Africa?
1670s
Examples of the ways slaves were treated terribly?
They were whipped, burned with coal, lived in squalor
What is Mercantilism
an economic theory that states that a country should export more than they import.
Why did England use mercantilism?
To make money from the colonies, so the colonies would not be self sufficient
How did England benefit from mercantilism?
Money, New World goods, more profits
What was the Triangle Trade?
Trade across the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, America, and Europe
What was exported in the Triangle Trade?
Slaves from Africa to the colonies, Raw goods from colonies to Europe, Textiles from europe to africa
What is another name for the Middle Passage?
The Atlantic Slave Trade
When was the Middle Passage?
From 1525 to 1666
How many slaves were shipped to the New World?
12.5 million
Approximately how many slaves survived the Middle Passage?
10.7 million
How many slaves were taken to the colonies in the present day US
388,000 slaves
Who were the main slave traders? (Groups not singular persons)
Portuguese, British, French, Spanish, and Dutch
What are cash crops?
Crops grown for profot
Where were cash crops significant and why?
Jamestown. It allowed them to remain a permanent, profitable colony
What were the Navigation Acts?
A series of laws passed in the 1660s meant to close American colonies to all trade except through England
What was common with the Navigation Acts?
SMUGGLING (I CANT ADD A PHOTO OF HAN SOLO WITHOUT PREMIUM IM GONNA CRY NO)
What colony became “A Royal Colony” and why?
Jamestown, the King had revoked the VA charter company and made it a royal colony.
JAMESTOWN
Established by the Virginia Company
in Spring 1607, England’s first permanent settlement, The Starving Time
What was The Starving Time?
People in Jamestown Ran out of food due to lack of farming
PLYMOUTH
pilgrims from England, befriended the Native Americans and were taught about farming, fishing, hunting
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut -
Puritan Baptists and Quakers
NEW ENGLAND FOUNDERS
MA- Gov. John Winthrop and Deputy Gov. Thomas Dudley.
NH - John Mason and Ferdinando Gorges.
RI- Roger Williams
CT - Thomas Hooker and John Hayes
MIDDLE COLONIES
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania - Puritans, Quakers, and Separatists/Pilgrims
MIDDLE COLONIES Founders
NY- James Duke of York
PA- William Penn
NJ- Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
DE- The New Sweden Company and Peter Minuit
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia - Most were Anglican(baptist) / Maryland was catholic
SOUTHERN COLONIES Founders
The English/Christopher Gradsen, Thomas Lynch, and James Madison
The Mayflower Compact
an agreement which was made before the people riding the mayflower landed in the new world - enacted laws and created jobs in office.
Why did the pilgrims leave for the New World?
Freedom to practice whatever religion, new opportunities,
What ships did the Pilgrims take?
Mayflower and the Speedwell
Which ship did the pilgrims not take with? Why?
They did not take the Speedwell because it was leaking
What was the Mayflower voyage like? When did it arrive and where?
The journey was made difficult by storms. They arrived in Cape Cod November 11th 1620
Who is John Smith?
Leader in Jamestown, Organized trade and theft of food from the Powhatan tribe, left the New World in 1609
What invited the Starving Time?
John Smiths return to England after his accident
