Unit 8 Flashcards
Pillow Placement: Between the legs, arms, and behind the back
Side-Lying
Pillow Placement: Under the calves and heels
Supine
Pillow Placement: Under the knees
Fowler’s
Deep Vein Thrombosis also known as
Blood Clots
Care management event example
Pressure Injury
The prone position prevents _______ but not_____
Foot Drop, Pressure Injuries
Increased cervical flexion is observed when the pt is placed in what position
Supported Fowler
4 Caring Theories
Leininger’s, Watson’s, Travelbee’s, and Swanson’s
A peptide produced in the blood that mediates the inflammatory response and stimulates pain receptors
Bradykinin
A neuropeptide that transports pain impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system
Substance P
An amine released by immune cells in response to inflammation
Histamine
A neurotransmitter released from the brainstem and dorsal horn that inhibits pain transmission
Serotonin
Proteins secreted by immune system cells that control inflammation
Cytokines
Molecules that activate nerve endings (synapses) that respond to painful stimuli by changing ionic movement into and out of nerve cells
Electrolytes
Hormone-like compounds derived from fatty acids that are thought to increase sensitivity to pain by stimulating pain receptors on neurons (nerve cells)
Prostaglandins
Originates from organs within the body
Visceral
Originates from skin, muscles, joints, and bones
Somatic
Originates from internal organs, but is felt in other locations
Referred
Originates from the source of pain to an adjacent area of the body
Radiating
Pain that continues to occur after an injury has healed
Idiopathic
Exacerbation of pain even though background pain is controlled
Breakthrough
Transient pain with fast onset, short duration, and identifiable cause
Acute
Persistent pain that can affect quality of life or cause disability
Chronic
Pain that is less than 3 months
Acute
Pain that last longer than 3 months
Chronic
Mild pain on scale
1-3
Moderate pain on scale
4-6
Severe pain on scale
7-10
Affective pain is usually described as more
Emotional Pain
What is not a normal finding at any age
Pain
Not life threatening
Opioid Withdrawal
Life threatening
Alcohol Withdrawal
Type of pain that is the healthcare workers fault
Pseudo-Addiction
When do you asses you pts consciousness when giving opioids
Before and After
Most common opioid side effects
Nausea/Vomiting and Constipation
Sublingual
Under Tongue
Buccal
Sits on the tongue
Medication gets metabolized and is not as strong so stronger dose is needed
1st pass affect
Topical routes work
Locally exactly where the pain is
Last medication administration route preferred
Intramuscular
Bolus
One time
What is controlled by centers located in lower part of the brain
Sleep
What affects sleep/wake cycles
Neurotransmitters
75-80% of sleep is in
Non REM
Slow or delta wave sleep
Non REM STG 3
Deepest sleep stage
Non REM STG 3
Sleep walking and talking occurs in this stage
Non REM STG 3
Energy restoration and growth hormone is released during this stage
Non REM STG 3
HR and RR are irregular in this stage of sleep
REM
How many sleep cycles are typical
4-6
Enter REM sleep immediately
Neonates
Reduce HR and slow things down
Beta Blockers
2 factors more at risk for insomnia
Older age, and Women
Most common sleep disorder
Sleep Apnea
Maintaining open airway
Eliminates pressure and helps with sleep apnea
Bruxism
Teeth Grinding
Enuresis
Bed wetting over the age of 3
Somnambulism
Sleep Walking
Term for intervention used to promote sleep
Sleep Hygiene
