Unit 10 Flashcards
Bicarbonate
Anion 22-26 mEq/L
Chloride
Anion 98-106 mEq/L
Phosphate
Anion 3.0-4.5 mg/dL
Calcium (total)
Cation 9.0-10.5
Calcium (ionized)
Cation 4.5-5.6 mg/dL
Magnesium
Cation 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Potassium
Cation 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium
Cation 136-145 mEq/L
What is K
Potassium
What is Na
Sodium
Most prevalent way the body remains homeostatic
Positive and Negative Feedback Systems
What percent of the body is water
50-60%
What are the 2 primary fluid compartments
Intracellular and Extracellular
2/3 body fluid and inside cells
Intracellular
1/3 body fluid outside cells
Extracellular
Plasma primary fluid, salinity 0.9% (same as saline)
Intravascular space
Transcellular
In its own system
Examples of transcellular
GI Juices, Cerebrospinal Fluid
Positively charged ions
Cation
Negatively charged ions
Anions
Primary Body Filter
Kidneys
High concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
Which type of diffusion requires no energy and does not need help
Regular
Which type of diffusion requires help but still no energy
Facilitated
Where sodium goes what will follow
Water
Low concentration to high concentration
Active Transport
What type of transport requires energy
Active Transport
Low solute conc. to high solute conc.
Osmosis
Osmolarity vs. Osmolality
Same thing
High amounts of osmolarity=
Low amounts =
H=too much water
L= not enough
What measures water/electrolyte balance
Osmolarity/Osmolality
What is hydrostatic pressure measured with
BP
What is the opposite of hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic
Low oncotic=
Edema
Substance mixed w/ solvent
Solute
Water, can break anything down
Solvent
Sodium is less concentrated and cell get bigger because water moves in
Hypotonic
Sodium is more concentrated and cells shrink because water moves out
Hypertonic
1st Spacing
Homeostasis
2nd Spacing
Edema
3rd Spacing
Bleeding/fluids released and collecting
What is ADH secreted from
Anterior Pituitary Gland
What does decreased urinary output trigger
ADH
What is RAAS
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
It changes angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Activated when BP is too low and retains fluids
What releases naturetic peptides
The heart
What suppress RAAS increases BP, and expels fluid
Peptides
Abnormal body fluid losses, stop the process then replace THEN fluid
Deficients
Most common weight gain, primarily PO route, fluids are not getting out
Excesses
What maintains concentration/volume of ECF
Increase: eat salt
Decrease: Stay away from the substance, drink more water
Na+
What is too much and too little Na+ called
Hypo and Hypernatremia
Major cation in intercellular fluid
Oil for the heart
Insulin moves substance into cell
Increase: certain foods, salt substitutes(has excess of this), Supplements
Decrease:Certain foods, drink more water, insulin, diuretics
HIGH ALERT = CARDIAC
K+
Main cation in formation and repair of bones
Increase: foods, supplements, this elements carbonate and citrate, vitamin d supplements
Decrease: food, water, Nonthyyaside diuretics
Ca
What is interchangeable with phosphate
Phosphorus
High and low K+ levels
Hypo/Hyper kalimia
High and low Ca levels
Hypo/Hyper calcimia
High and low PO4 levels
Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia
Primary anion with intercellular fluid
Works with calcium ( bones)
Increase: food ,supplements, total pretrial nutrition (TPN)
Decrease: Food, increase food supplements, Increase calcium foods and calcium binder
PO4s’Found pr
HIgh and low levels of phosphate
Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia
Found primarily in muscles/ bones
Regulates Ca and K+
Increase: foods, supplements, TPN
Decrease: foods, diruetics
Mg
HIgh and low Mg
Hypo- Hyper magnesium
High and low Cl
Hypo/Hyper cholaremia
Increase: foods, salt, vomiting,/diarrhea
Decrease: Increase fluids
In intracellular and extra, acid base balance, negative feedback system more of an ingredients
Cl
Bananas, spinach, oats, yogurt, watermelon, avocados, lemon juice, coconut water
Foods that increase electrolytes
Refined oils, honey, certain boiled and drained veggies, low mineral water, certain fruits, egg whites
Foods that decrease electrolytes
