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Nursing > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Anion 22-26 mEq/L

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2
Q

Chloride

A

Anion 98-106 mEq/L

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3
Q

Phosphate

A

Anion 3.0-4.5 mg/dL

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4
Q

Calcium (total)

A

Cation 9.0-10.5

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5
Q

Calcium (ionized)

A

Cation 4.5-5.6 mg/dL

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6
Q

Magnesium

A

Cation 1.3-2.1 mEq/L

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7
Q

Potassium

A

Cation 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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8
Q

Sodium

A

Cation 136-145 mEq/L

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9
Q

What is K

A

Potassium

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10
Q

What is Na

A

Sodium

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11
Q

Most prevalent way the body remains homeostatic

A

Positive and Negative Feedback Systems

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12
Q

What percent of the body is water

A

50-60%

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13
Q

What are the 2 primary fluid compartments

A

Intracellular and Extracellular

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14
Q

2/3 body fluid and inside cells

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

1/3 body fluid outside cells

A

Extracellular

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16
Q

Plasma primary fluid, salinity 0.9% (same as saline)

A

Intravascular space

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17
Q

Transcellular

A

In its own system

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18
Q

Examples of transcellular

A

GI Juices, Cerebrospinal Fluid

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19
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cation

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20
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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21
Q

Primary Body Filter

A

Kidneys

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22
Q

High concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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23
Q

Which type of diffusion requires no energy and does not need help

A

Regular

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24
Q

Which type of diffusion requires help but still no energy

A

Facilitated

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25
Q

Where sodium goes what will follow

A

Water

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26
Q

Low concentration to high concentration

A

Active Transport

27
Q

What type of transport requires energy

A

Active Transport

28
Q

Low solute conc. to high solute conc.

A

Osmosis

29
Q

Osmolarity vs. Osmolality

A

Same thing

30
Q

High amounts of osmolarity=
Low amounts =

A

H=too much water
L= not enough

31
Q

What measures water/electrolyte balance

A

Osmolarity/Osmolality

32
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure measured with

A

BP

33
Q

What is the opposite of hydrostatic pressure

A

Oncotic

34
Q

Low oncotic=

A

Edema

35
Q

Substance mixed w/ solvent

A

Solute

36
Q

Water, can break anything down

A

Solvent

37
Q

Sodium is less concentrated and cell get bigger because water moves in

A

Hypotonic

38
Q

Sodium is more concentrated and cells shrink because water moves out

A

Hypertonic

39
Q

1st Spacing

A

Homeostasis

40
Q

2nd Spacing

A

Edema

41
Q

3rd Spacing

A

Bleeding/fluids released and collecting

42
Q

What is ADH secreted from

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

43
Q

What does decreased urinary output trigger

A

ADH

44
Q

What is RAAS

A

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system
It changes angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Activated when BP is too low and retains fluids

45
Q

What releases naturetic peptides

A

The heart

46
Q

What suppress RAAS increases BP, and expels fluid

A

Peptides

47
Q

Abnormal body fluid losses, stop the process then replace THEN fluid

A

Deficients

48
Q

Most common weight gain, primarily PO route, fluids are not getting out

A

Excesses

49
Q

What maintains concentration/volume of ECF
Increase: eat salt
Decrease: Stay away from the substance, drink more water

A

Na+

50
Q

What is too much and too little Na+ called

A

Hypo and Hypernatremia

51
Q

Major cation in intercellular fluid
Oil for the heart
Insulin moves substance into cell
Increase: certain foods, salt substitutes(has excess of this), Supplements
Decrease:Certain foods, drink more water, insulin, diuretics
HIGH ALERT = CARDIAC

A

K+

52
Q

Main cation in formation and repair of bones
Increase: foods, supplements, this elements carbonate and citrate, vitamin d supplements
Decrease: food, water, Nonthyyaside diuretics

A

Ca

53
Q

What is interchangeable with phosphate

A

Phosphorus

54
Q

High and low K+ levels

A

Hypo/Hyper kalimia

55
Q

High and low Ca levels

A

Hypo/Hyper calcimia

56
Q

High and low PO4 levels

A

Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia

57
Q

Primary anion with intercellular fluid
Works with calcium ( bones)
Increase: food ,supplements, total pretrial nutrition (TPN)
Decrease: Food, increase food supplements, Increase calcium foods and calcium binder

A

PO4s’Found pr

58
Q

HIgh and low levels of phosphate

A

Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia

59
Q

Found primarily in muscles/ bones
Regulates Ca and K+
Increase: foods, supplements, TPN
Decrease: foods, diruetics

A

Mg

60
Q

HIgh and low Mg

A

Hypo- Hyper magnesium

61
Q

High and low Cl

A

Hypo/Hyper cholaremia

62
Q

Increase: foods, salt, vomiting,/diarrhea
Decrease: Increase fluids
In intracellular and extra, acid base balance, negative feedback system more of an ingredients

A

Cl

63
Q

Bananas, spinach, oats, yogurt, watermelon, avocados, lemon juice, coconut water

A

Foods that increase electrolytes

64
Q

Refined oils, honey, certain boiled and drained veggies, low mineral water, certain fruits, egg whites

A

Foods that decrease electrolytes

Nursing (24 decks)

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