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Unit 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Anion 22-26 mEq/L

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2
Q

Chloride

A

Anion 98-106 mEq/L

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3
Q

Phosphate

A

Anion 3.0-4.5 mg/dL

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4
Q

Calcium (total)

A

Cation 9.0-10.5

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5
Q

Calcium (ionized)

A

Cation 4.5-5.6 mg/dL

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6
Q

Magnesium

A

Cation 1.3-2.1 mEq/L

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7
Q

Potassium

A

Cation 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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8
Q

Sodium

A

Cation 136-145 mEq/L

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9
Q

What is K

A

Potassium

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10
Q

What is Na

A

Sodium

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11
Q

Most prevalent way the body remains homeostatic

A

Positive and Negative Feedback Systems

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12
Q

What percent of the body is water

A

50-60%

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13
Q

What are the 2 primary fluid compartments

A

Intracellular and Extracellular

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14
Q

2/3 body fluid and inside cells

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

1/3 body fluid outside cells

A

Extracellular

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16
Q

Plasma primary fluid, salinity 0.9% (same as saline)

A

Intravascular space

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17
Q

Transcellular

A

In its own system

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18
Q

Examples of transcellular

A

GI Juices, Cerebrospinal Fluid

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19
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cation

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20
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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21
Q

Primary Body Filter

A

Kidneys

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22
Q

High concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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23
Q

Which type of diffusion requires no energy and does not need help

A

Regular

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24
Q

Which type of diffusion requires help but still no energy

A

Facilitated

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25
Where sodium goes what will follow
Water
26
Low concentration to high concentration
Active Transport
27
What type of transport requires energy
Active Transport
28
Low solute conc. to high solute conc.
Osmosis
29
Osmolarity vs. Osmolality
Same thing
30
High amounts of osmolarity= Low amounts =
H=too much water L= not enough
31
What measures water/electrolyte balance
Osmolarity/Osmolality
32
What is hydrostatic pressure measured with
BP
33
What is the opposite of hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic
34
Low oncotic=
Edema
35
Substance mixed w/ solvent
Solute
36
Water, can break anything down
Solvent
37
Sodium is less concentrated and cell get bigger because water moves in
Hypotonic
38
Sodium is more concentrated and cells shrink because water moves out
Hypertonic
39
1st Spacing
Homeostasis
40
2nd Spacing
Edema
41
3rd Spacing
Bleeding/fluids released and collecting
42
What is ADH secreted from
Anterior Pituitary Gland
43
What does decreased urinary output trigger
ADH
44
What is RAAS
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system It changes angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 Activated when BP is too low and retains fluids
45
What releases naturetic peptides
The heart
46
What suppress RAAS increases BP, and expels fluid
Peptides
47
Abnormal body fluid losses, stop the process then replace THEN fluid
Deficients
48
Most common weight gain, primarily PO route, fluids are not getting out
Excesses
49
What maintains concentration/volume of ECF Increase: eat salt Decrease: Stay away from the substance, drink more water
Na+
50
What is too much and too little Na+ called
Hypo and Hypernatremia
51
Major cation in intercellular fluid Oil for the heart Insulin moves substance into cell Increase: certain foods, salt substitutes(has excess of this), Supplements Decrease:Certain foods, drink more water, insulin, diuretics HIGH ALERT = CARDIAC
K+
52
Main cation in formation and repair of bones Increase: foods, supplements, this elements carbonate and citrate, vitamin d supplements Decrease: food, water, Nonthyyaside diuretics
Ca
53
What is interchangeable with phosphate
Phosphorus
54
High and low K+ levels
Hypo/Hyper kalimia
55
High and low Ca levels
Hypo/Hyper calcimia
56
High and low PO4 levels
Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia
57
Primary anion with intercellular fluid Works with calcium ( bones) Increase: food ,supplements, total pretrial nutrition (TPN) Decrease: Food, increase food supplements, Increase calcium foods and calcium binder
PO4s'Found pr
58
HIgh and low levels of phosphate
Hypo/Hyper phosphatemia
59
Found primarily in muscles/ bones Regulates Ca and K+ Increase: foods, supplements, TPN Decrease: foods, diruetics
Mg
60
HIgh and low Mg
Hypo- Hyper magnesium
61
High and low Cl
Hypo/Hyper cholaremia
62
Increase: foods, salt, vomiting,/diarrhea Decrease: Increase fluids In intracellular and extra, acid base balance, negative feedback system more of an ingredients
Cl
63
Bananas, spinach, oats, yogurt, watermelon, avocados, lemon juice, coconut water
Foods that increase electrolytes
64
Refined oils, honey, certain boiled and drained veggies, low mineral water, certain fruits, egg whites
Foods that decrease electrolytes

Nursing (24 decks)

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