unit 8 Flashcards
Cold War
A large tension between the US and USSR over democratic or communist beliefs after WWII. It was called the Cold War because it never technically turned into a fully-fledged battle with lots of bloodsheds. LO 1 The Cold war occurred after WWII, where trust was being broken down and allies where still uneasy.
Non-Aligned Movement
A group of states did not want to pick a side in the Cold War and wated to be independent. Examples include Afghanistan and Yugoslavia. LO 2 Picking a side would lead to involvement in the war, which most countries in the NAM were not economically or physically prepared or strong enough for, causing them to be neutral.
Kwame Nkrumah
President of Ghana, Kwame was a politician and African hero who stopped British control over the Gold Coast. He also created Pan-Africanism, the belief in unity in culture, politics, economy, and demography for African people. LO 2,6: He had to stand up for his country in order to begin revolts and movements. He pursued independence fairly peacefully but after getting independence he was a very harsh leader.
Proxy Wars (Korean War and Angolan Civil War)
Korean War: a war that occurred between North and South Korea over border issues. it resolved in a stalemate. After winning the Cold War, the winning power divided Germany but also the Korean Peninsula, which split it into South and North Korea. South Korea was invaded by North Korea, resulting in the support of South Korea by many UN nations, the biggest being the US. The war ended in a stalemate, but the powers remained divided which is what the original victorious powers of the Cold War intended, so it could be counted as a win.
Angolan: Portuguese powers removed themselves after Angola’s fight for independence. This birthed three different parties, each supported by someone different. LO 3: the proxy wars were fought because of the two clashing powers, but did not directly involve them. If the party the power supports won, it gave them political power over the other.
Communist Revolution in China
A political shift led to the CCP or Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong had a heavy influence on the people of China and how they used Communism. LO 4: The CCP was created and China shifted away from past culture and religious lifestyles, as well as the end of the dynastic cycle.
Great Leap Forward
A five-year plan was used in China that aimed to industrialize and make the country economically prosperous while being communist. While it did not do exactly this, it did further them economically. LO 4: China’s industrialization pushed them to work for equality for women and against other countries.
Communist Revolution for Vietnamese Independence
A revolution led by Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France and became communist. LO 5: Communism shifted the way the country earned and distributed money.
Decolonization
When a country or territory no longer accepts its colonization and rejects the cultures and work/economy placed on them. LO 6: independence was gained usually through violence or protest because the colonizers were very powerful at first, but were beginning to fall.
Indian National Congress
An organization that prided itself on nationalism and was founded after gaining independence from Britain. One leader was Mohandas Gandhi, who advocated for the rights of the poor, giving them more opportunities to work near or in the government. LO 6: They gained independence peacefully through protest and did not have to use violence.
Muslim League
A movement that gave reasons as to why India should separate and form Pakistan, as the country had ethnic differences with Muslims and Hindus. LO 6: They advocated for their religion which ended up creating conflict, but eventually got a separate state for both religions.
Partition of India
The actual separation of India and Pakistan. Caused many deaths and migrants, which caused more deaths due to them being forced into anti-migrant countries. LO 7: The partition led to political and religious differences, as they were now two different countries that were ruled under different laws. The demography also changed as most Muslims lived in Pakistan, and many people were displaced as a result of the shift.
Creation of Israel
Zionist wanted a political homeland for Jews, and Palestine was where they wanted it because of holy sites that were there for the Jews. After WWI, the British encouraged the Jews to move into Palestine with their support. After WWII, Palestine gets divided into Israel and itself. this caused many refugees to flee and a lot of violence and tension, with many Arab countries supporting Palestine. LO 7: Similar to the partition of India, the creation of Israel led to many displaced peoples, as well as a complete shift from one power to two different leaders, economic gains and losses, control, and religions.
Metropole
A country that is seen as the controller or mother to its supporting countries. AKA a base or motherboard. LO 8: The mother country worked as a main connection and communication system that allowed for colonization to be more powerful with less travel.
Mohandas Gandhi
Lead the Indian National Congress after 1920. he used methods of non-violence and passive resistance to fight Britain. LO 9: He fought against the British without actually fighting, and his efforts were successful.
Martin Luther King Jr.
African American civil rights movement activist who advocated for the rights of African Americans. Led to the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case which banned segregation in schools. LO 9: He fought against racism and segregation, and the civil rights movement was a step in the right direction.
