unit 6 Flashcards
Suez Canal
A canal 100 miles long that connects the Red and the Mediterranean Sea was built by Europeans. Egyptian workers did the physical labor as French managers oversaw the project. LO 2: The canal made access to other countries much quicker, and allowed for economic processes/ transnational businesses to thrive.
Migrant Workers
Workers who leave their homes/countries to pursue jobs (usually involving hard labor) for a better profit. LO 7: Migrant work was now a deciding factor in where immigrants moved, mostly due to the income they would recieve.
Settler Colonies
Colonies that were created by Europeans in foreign countries with the main purpose of creating a large enough population to gain power and imperialize. LO 2: power shifted wherever the settlers went, because as they moved, they gained the attention and political influence of the citizens where they stayed.
Indian Rebellion
The BEIC decided to use rifles greased with animal fat, which goes against the religion of the sepoys, the Indian militia working for Britain. The Indians revolted against the British and the British killed many people but eventually, India gained more power and nationalist ideas. LO 3: Once Britain had enough power, they not only ruled over but punished the colonies they imperialized.
Belgian Congo
King Leopold II personally took over Congo to convince the Belgian government to support colonialism. Eventually, he took complete control over Congo, killed over 10 million people, and leeched off the profits of the entire free state for himself. LO 2: Power in Congo was given completely to Leopold and the people in COngo were rendered powerless and essentially became slaves.
Economic Imperialism
Imperialism with the main intent to economically gain and leech off the profits of the imperialized country. LO 5: Nationalism pushed for a stronger economy, leading to the imperialism by a country purely for a secondary source of income.
Xhosa-Cattle Killings
Nongqawuse was a Xhosa prophetess in the southern tip of Africa who forecasted a new millennium movement amongst her people called the Great Cattle Killing. After the prophecy was proclaimed, it was a grueling couple of years for the Xhosa. In April eighteen fifty-six while hanging out with her friend, teenage Nongqawuse reported that she saw two strangers who identified themselves as ancestors who told them all the cattle were rotten and cursed, and the cattle needed to be slaughtered. Also, Xhosa crops needed to be destroyed. After all the crops are burned and the cattle are killed, the ancestors will rise up and help defeat the British and drive them and unbelievers into the sea.Close to 80 percent of the nation’s cattle were slaughtered and 40,000 Xhosain people died of starvation. The Xhosa lost 2 thirds of their land and were forced to submit to Cape Colony, a nation that the Xhosa fought two wars with. LO 3: the Xhosa had to comply with their beliefs and fighting meant they would be able to stand up for themselves and resist imperialism.
Boxer Rebellion
A revolt sparked by internal tensions between Boxers and the Qing government, who the Boxers believed were working with European forces. When the European forces aided the QIng because they wanted them to remain an easy target, it reinforced the idea that they were working together, which resulted in the killing of many Europeans. LO 3: The state itself was split because the government had strong ties to the people trying to imperialize them,and while the government couldn’t see that at the time, the Boxers could.
Export Economy
When a country’s economy relies heavily on money made off of exporting goods. LO 4: Export economies created a demand for cash crops and raw materials, which gave opportunities to countries that didn’t industrialize and relied on an industrial economy.
Chinese Exclusion Act
A policy was made by the US to limit the number of Chinese migrants entering the country. To further target the Chinese community, setbacks and restrictions were placed on the Chinese workers who were in California. LO 8: Migration to America was popular because immigrants needed work, but the exclusion act discouraged that.
White Australia Policy
A racist policy to ensure no non-British immigration occurred in Australia at the time. It was an attempt to keep Australia “white”. LO 8: Similar to the Chinese exclusion Act, the policy discouraged immigrants from entering Australia, even though they needed to work in orde to live.
Social Darwinism
The theory that natural selection is also applied to people, especially in racial groups. The theory led white males into believing they were superior and had a right to imperialize. LO 1: Social Darwinism was an excuse to imperialize, and gave white men something to fall back on in case of revolts, as it was somewhat scientific and religious at the same time.
Chinese and Indian Indentured Servitude
Indian and Chinese workers were forced into labor as a substitute for slavery. LO 6: To avoid the public use of “slavery” indentured servitude was a way for migrants to sign up for work for freedom.
Berlin Conference
A conference hosted by Europeans and started by Otton Ban Bismarck with the intent to divide Africa into delegated sections. No African representative was present at the meeting. LO 2: Power was completely taken away from every part of Africa because their land was given away without any consent and imperialism took over.
Opium Wars
China was very important to the trading world in Britain for goods such as tea and silk. Because of the lack of profit from cotton, Britain needed another product that had a high profit. It was grown in India, which the British controlled, and they managed to smuggle 8 million pounds of opium into China because of the corruption of some merchants and government officials at the time. The Manchu leader banned it which started the war between the British and the Manchus, with the Brits winning. Lead to the creation of the Nanjing treaty. LO 5: China was changed as a country because they began the era of unfair treaties with other countries, usually with china on the losing end.
