Unit 7B Vocab

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

A mental image or best example of a category. Provide a quick and easy message for sorting items in the categories

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Question 5

Heuristic

Answer 5

Simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Question 6

Creativity

Answer 6

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 7

Confirmation Bias

Answer 7

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 8

Fixation

Answer 8

The inability to see your problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set

Question 9

Mental Set

Answer 9

Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often the weather has been successful in the past

Question 10

Functional Fixedness

Answer 10

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Question 11

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 11

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes

Question 12

Availability Heuristic

Answer 12

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Question 13

Overconfidence

Answer 13

The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

Question 14

Belief Perseverance

Answer 14

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Question 15

Intuition

Answer 15

An effortless, intermediate automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Question 16

Framing

Answer 16

Dwayne issues post; how is she was framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Question 17

Language

Answer 17

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the way it was we combine them to communicate meaning

Question 18

Phenome

Answer 18

Language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 19

Morpheme

Answer 19

The smallest unit that carries meaning; maybe a word or part of a word

Question 20

Grammar

Answer 20

A system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Question 21

Semantics

Answer 21

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language

Question 22

Syntax

Answer 22

Rules for combining words into a grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Question 23

Babbling Stage

Answer 23

The beginning at about four months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds

Question 24

One Word Stage

Answer 24

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words

Question 25

Two Word Stage

Answer 25

Beginning about age 2, the stage and speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements

Question 26

Telegraphic Speech

Answer 26

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 27

Linguistics Determination

Answer 27

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think