Unit 7B Vocab Flashcards
Cognition
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Concept
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a category. Provide a quick and easy message for sorting items in the categories
Algorithm
Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Heuristic
Simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Confirmation Bias
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Fixation
The inability to see your problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
Mental Set
Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often the weather has been successful in the past
Functional Fixedness
Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Representativeness Heuristic
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes
Availability Heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
Belief Perseverance
Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Intuition
An effortless, intermediate automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
Framing
Dwayne issues post; how is she was framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
Language
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the way it was we combine them to communicate meaning
Phenome
Language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Morpheme
The smallest unit that carries meaning; maybe a word or part of a word
Grammar
A system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Semantics
The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language
Syntax
Rules for combining words into a grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
Babbling Stage
The beginning at about four months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds
One Word Stage
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words
Two Word Stage
Beginning about age 2, the stage and speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements
Telegraphic Speech
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs
Linguistics Determination
Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think
