Unit 7 test

Question 1

What were the physical results of the civil war for the south?

Answer 1

1. about 70% of the southern shipping industry destroyed
2. 9,000 miles of railroad destroyed
3. 35% of livestock killed
4. infrastructure reduced to rubble

Question 2

what were the human costs of the war?

Answer 2

1. 260,000 southerners killed (20% of adult white men)
2. 33% of southern white men killed or wounded
3. 364,000 northerners killed
4. 38,000 african americans killed

Question 3

what was the status of african americans in the south after the war?

Answer 3

they have freedom but it came at a cost- no longer had basic necessities provided

Question 4

what were the effects of plantation owners?

Answer 4

lose $3 billion in slaves, federal gov seizes $100 million in abandoned property.

Question 5

how were poor white families affected by freed african americans?

Answer 5

faced competition from freed slaves for jobs

Question 6

what was the major question surrounding the concept of reconstruction?

Answer 6

how to reincorporate the south into the union and whether to punish or pardon the south.

Question 7

what were the four steps to Lincoln’s plan he made before he was killed?

Answer 7

1. pardon any confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the union.
2. no pardons for any confederate gov or military official or anyone who had killed african american pows
3. a state may hold a convention to create a new constitution after 10% of voters had sworn allegiance to the union.
4. states may then hold elections and participate in the union.

Question 8

what was the problem with Lincoln’s plan for African Americans?

Answer 8

did not provide voting rights for Africa Americans

Question 9

why did Lincoln not mention

“readmitting” Confederate states?

Answer 9

he believed they had never really left since the secession was constitutional.

Question 10

what was the goal of the Radical Republicans?

Answer 10

Ensuring true equality for all citizens

Question 11

Why was the Radical Republicans’ goal not put into effect?

Answer 11

Lincoln pocket vetoed their Wade Davis-Act, he did not like it.

Question 12

who became President after the death of Lincoln?

Answer 12

Andrew Johnson

Question 13

why was Johnson able to sympathize with both the North and South?

Answer 13

he was a relatively poor southerner and union loyalist who hated rich plantation owners.

Question 14

what were the major points of Johnson’s plan?

Answer 14

1. Pardon southerners who swear allegiance to the Union
2. each state may hold a constitutional convention (no 10% requirement)
3. states may void secession, abolish slavery, and ignore confederate debts.
4. states may then hold elections and rejoin union

Question 15

what new problem arose in the Southern states?

Answer 15

new gov’s in states run by racist whites who wanted to ensure that blacks had restricted freedom.

Question 16

what are the four examples of the “black codes”?

Answer 16

1. curfews- black not allowed to gather after sunset
2. vagrancy- blacks can be fined, whipped, etc for not working
3. contracts- blacks had to sign contracts for a year of labor
4. land- blacks could only rent homes in rural areas

Question 17

why did the radical republicans not approve of Johnson’s plan?

Answer 17

because of the problems that arose and his unwillingness to address them.

Question 18

what does the radical republicans pan call for?

Answer 18

1. south is under martial law and divided into 5 districsts each governed by a northern general.
2. southern states must hold new elections and create new state govs
3. all qualified male voters (including blacks) must be allowed to vote.
4. no confed supporters may vote
5. states must ratify the 14th amendment.

Question 19

why did the radical republicans not like Johnson?

Answer 19

he was stubborn and racist and attempted to fire secretary of war, Edwin stanton (a radical republican and was close to Lincoln)

Question 20

why were impeachment proceedings of Johnson started?

Answer 20

tried to fire Edwin Stanton (this was a violation of 10 yr violation act)

Question 21

how did Johnson fare in the house of reps?

Answer 21

vote yes–> impeached (2/3 of senates had to approve)

Question 22

why was Johnson ultimately not removed from office?

Answer 22

he survived impeachment by one vote, but his presidency was ruined.

Question 23

who won the election of 1868?

Answer 23

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 24

why was Grant so popular throughout the country?

Answer 24

he was a civil war hero

Question 25

why was Grant considered to be an ineffective president?

Answer 25

effective as general but lacked political skills. he was easily manipulated by congress

Question 26

who were the “carpetbaggers”. why were they given this name?

Answer 26

northern republicans who went south seeking to make money off the misery pf the south. name came from the cheap suitcases they often used.

Question 27

who were the scalawags? what did this name mean?

Answer 27

white southerners who supported the republican party. term meant to characterize these people as traitors.

Question 28

What did the white southerners who were upset of the defeat of the confederacy and the newfound freedoms of the blacks do?

Answer 28

sought to fight back

Question 29

What secret society did these upset southerners form? What did this group do? what type of people were common in the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 29

the Ku Klux Klan, used threats and violence to spread their views, killing thousands. white males

Question 30

What happend at President Grant’s request to the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 30

Congress responded to Klan violence

Question 31

What was the Enforcement Act of 1870?

Answer 31

it prevented Klansmen from interfering with voting rights of blacks

Question 32

What happened to the klan?

Answer 32

thousands of Klansmen were arrested and tried and the Klan was virtually wiped out?

Question 33

What happened to the democratic party after most confeds had been pardoned by 1872?

Answer 33

the democratic party had regained much power in the south

Question 34

What happened to the several decision that the supreme court had handed down?

Answer 34

left interpretations to the 14th and 15th amendment.

Question 35

Who ran against each other in the Presidential election of 1876? Who won more electoral votes? Who won the popular vote?

Answer 35

republican Rutherford B. Hayes vs Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won more electoral but Tilden won the popular vote. Results in four states were disputed.

Question 36

How was the dispute over the election of 1876 solved?

Answer 36

A commission was created to solve it

Question 37

What group did the commission consist more of?

Answer 37

More republicans than democrats

Question 38

Who did the commssion name as the victor? what happened with this decision?

Answer 38

Rutherford B. Hayes, democrats in congress rejected the decision

Question 39

What was the Compromise of 1877?

Answer 39

allowed hayes to become president in return for the removal of federal troops from the south. Democrats now had full control of the south.

Question 40

when is reconstruction considered complete?

Answer 40

1877

Question 41

What were the successes of the reconstruction?

Answer 41

• union restored
• economy saved
• 14th and 15th amendments
• more opportunities for african americans
• southern states implement mandatory education

Question 42

what were the failures of the reconstruction?

Answer 42

• bitterness of white Southerners toward federal government
• south is slow to industrialize
• southern state govs and KKK deny 14th and 15th amendment
• southerners left in poverty
• racist attitudes towards blacks

Question 43

what are the “reconstruction amendments”? (13,14,15)

Answer 43

13- abolished slavery
14- equal protection under the law
15- right to vote for qualified males