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History 10H * > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was John Adams a well known figure in the US?

A

role in the american revolution (he also served as our first vice president under George Washington)

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2
Q

Who was John Adams’ main opponent in the election of 1796?

A

Thomas Jefferson–> he worked with Adams in Washington’s cabinet

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3
Q

How was this campaign different from modern campaigns?

A

Adams did not campaign himself, but his party promoted him throughout the country

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4
Q

Where did Adams fare well in the election? where did he not farewell?

A

Adams dominates the Northern states (pro business)

Jefferson dominates the Southern states (pro agriculture)

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5
Q

How was the vice president chosen?

A

Whoever came in second

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6
Q

What issue did the US start to have with France? What caused this?

A
  • France very upset with the Jay Treaty, which supported the British at the expense of the French.
  • In retaliation, the French began to seize American ships headed for Britain.
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7
Q

How did Adams attempt to avoid war with France?

A
  • He sent diplomats to France to negotiate a deal with he French
  • The French respond by sending diplomats to America
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8
Q

How did the XYZ Affair begin?

A

3 French diplomats demand payment from the American government before negotiations could begin.

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9
Q

What were the demands of the French?

A

a $250 thousand bribe to the French minister and a $12 million loan to the French government.

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10
Q

How did the US respond to this demand?

A

Many called for war against France

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11
Q

How did Adams respond?

A

Adams refused to declare war

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12
Q

What was the Quasi war?

A

An undeclared war was fought between American ships and French pirates for the next two years.

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13
Q

Why did the XYZ Affair lead to the passing of the of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

We were angry with the French

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14
Q

How did Adams upset both prominent political parties?

A
  • Adams refused to declare war with France–> Federalists

- His passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts–> Jeffersonians

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15
Q

Who promoted the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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16
Q

What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions state?

A

an individual state has the right to nullify a federal law

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17
Q

When was the Constitution signed?

A

September 17, 1787

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18
Q

What to happen after the constitution was signed?

A

ratification by the states

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19
Q

what were the two political groups that emerged?

A
  • Federalists (pro constitution)

- Anti Federalists (Anti Constitution)

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20
Q

Why were some people concerned with the Constitution?

A
  • Federal government being too powerful
  • Lack of States’ rights
  • no protection of individual liberties
  • a government that favored the wealthy
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21
Q

When did the ratification debates begin?

A

1788-89

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22
Q

How many states needed to ratify it?

A

9

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23
Q

Which states were the Federalists most concerned with getting to ratify it? Why?

A

The “Big Four”–> VA, MA, PA, NY (They would have the most influence)

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24
Q

Who was Alexander Hamilton?

A

Founding father from NY–> becomes a leading federalist

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25
Q

Where did Hamilton live? How did this influence him?

A

NY, state government is really corrupt, it acts like a king

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26
Q

Which side does hamilton join?

A

Federalist

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27
Q

what is Hamilton’s major strategy?

A

Get support of political elites

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28
Q

Who does he get to join him?

A

James Madison and John Jay

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29
Q

What does hamilton’s group do?

A

The 3 start sending anonymous letter to the Newspaper in support of the Constitution

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30
Q

What are Hamilton’s groups’ writings known as?

A

Federalist Papers (85 total)

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31
Q

What are the four major themes in the Federalist Papers letters?

A

A. Benefits of a strong federal government
B. Criticism of Articles of Confederation
C. Support of the Constitution
D. Discussion of the costs of freedom

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32
Q

What state was the first to ratify the Constitution?

A

Delaware, 12/7/87

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33
Q

What number was MA?

A

Sixth, 2/6/88

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34
Q

What state was the ninth? What did this do?

A

NH–> constitution goes into effect, 6/21/88

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35
Q

When had all 13 states ratified it by?

A

May 1790

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36
Q

Why did the states ultimately Agree to ratify the Constitution?

A

Ones who were on the fence were influenced by the adding of the 10 Amendments to the Constitution “Bill of Rights”

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37
Q

What did the Bill of Rights do?

A

Designed to protect individual liberties and limit power of federal government.

38
Q

when was the Bill of Rights ratified?

A

1791

39
Q

What was the Purpose of the Constitution Convention?

A
  • the goal was to revise the Articles of Confederation

- It was quickly decided to be replaced

40
Q

Constitution Convention In Philadelphia

A
  • 53 delegates met in absolute secrecy in Philly during the summer of 1787
  • they met at independence hall
  • on average there were about 30 delegates there everyday
  • James madison was the only delegate to never miss a day
41
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Proposed by Big States
- law-making body: Bicameral (2 houses)
- First house was elected by the people, Second was elected by the first house
Was based on population
-number of congress men determined by the states population

42
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Supported by smaller states

  • law making body: Bicameral congress (2 houses)
  • -House of Representatives–> number of reps would depend on populations
  • -Senate–> each state gets 2 representatives
43
Q

Slavery during the Constitution Convention

A
  • Became an issue with the population–> in the south slavery made up 1/3 of the population
  • the south Wanted them to count in their populations so they would have more votes, slaves however, could not vote.
44
Q

3/5 compromise

A

count 3/5 of the total number of slaves as population

  • 5 black= 3 whites
  • slaves still could not vote
45
Q

Separation of Powers

A

(How the government will be organized)
3 branches
1. Legislative–> A. House of reps & B. Senate (Congress makes laws)
2. Executive–> President (carries out laws)
3. Judicial–> Court System (interpret the laws)

46
Q

What was the problem facing America following their victory against the British?

A

Needed a new government

47
Q

What kind of government did the Founding Fathers want to avoid?

A
  • nothing like the British System (Tyrannical/Controlling)

- no monarchy

48
Q

What was the Americans Solution called?

A

Articles of Confederation

49
Q

What was each new colony considered?

A

state

50
Q

What was each new states more like?

A

an independent country

51
Q

How was each state government different from congress?

A

Self Interested and not thinking on a national level

52
Q

What were some powers each state had?

A
  • each state gov is more powerful
  • deal w/ foreign countries on their own
  • print own money
  • raise its own taxes
53
Q

What type of congress is still used? What does this mean?

A

-Delegation gov–> each state sends reps to congress

54
Q

What two branches of government were not created under the Articles?

A
  • No judiciary Branch, No executive Branch

- 1 state 1 vote

55
Q

Why did the drafters of the articles want such a weak central government?

A

-the drafters of the Articles felt a strong central government would be like the one in Britain

56
Q

Why did they oppose an executive branch?

A

they felt as though that = king

57
Q

There were three major problems with the Articles. What were they and why were they a problem?

A

A. Congress could not tax the colonies–> no federal money (no military)
B. Trade problems between states–> it was up to states to work it out on their own
C. Each state had only one vote–> a state w/ very few citizens could negate the vote of a state w/ many citizens, so the good of most people may not be protected.

58
Q

why did land issues arise among the states?

A
  • The elimination of Britain meant that the colonies won much new land
  • each state claimed some of that land as theirs
59
Q

what solution was reached by the states to settle land issues?

A

North west ordinance

60
Q

How would new states be different from original states?

A

nothing, the new states would have the same powers and rights as the old states

61
Q

for what two reasons did some Americans want to change the Articles?

A

Some believed that the governments were weak and there were not enough educated/experienced citizens in each state to allow states to govern themselves

62
Q

Where and when do the representatives agree to meet to discuss changes?

A

1786, Annapolis

63
Q

How many states and reps showed up for the meeting?

A
  • only 5 states sent reps

- a total of 12 people attend

64
Q

What is the only agreement made at the meeting?

A

To meet again in Philadelphia in 1787

65
Q

Why did Shays Rebellion occur?

A

Citizens in Mass are angry over high taxes demanded by the state gov
-a farmer (Daniel Shays) leads an armed rebellion against the state gov

66
Q

Why could the federal government do nothing about the rebellion? Why did this worry other states?

A

congress cannot raise funds for national army to suppress the rebellion (No fed. taxes = no $ for national army)
-worried it will happen in other states

67
Q

What did shay’s rebellion convince the other states of?

A

The Articles need serious revision

68
Q

what is the 1st (a) amendment?

A

Freedom of Religion

69
Q

What a person can/cannot do with freedom of Religion

A 
a person can
-teach about religion in school
-have voluntary prayer in public
-read the bible for literary content in school
-choose any religion you want
-worship whom/whatever you want
a person cannot
-set a state religion
-force people to pray
-teach religious doctrine in school
-break the law and claim it is your religion
-deprive children of basic needs
70
Q

what is the 1st (b) amendment?

A

Freedom of speech

71
Q

What a person can/cannot do with freedom of speech

A 
a person can
-say any political belief 
-criticize the government
-burn the flag
-say/display racist/hate slogans
A person cannot
-make threats to commit crimes
-sexually harass others
-incite a riot
-slander another person
-commit a hate crime
-use crude or vulgar language in a public form
72
Q

What is the 1st (c) amendment?

A

Freedom of the Press

73
Q

What a person can/cannot do with the Freedom of the Press

A 
A person can
-have a biased political position
-criticize/make fun of the government
-expose wrongs by the government
-print materials considered obscene or offensive
A person cannot
-print libel
-disclose classified info
-detailed how to make certain weapons
-make certain materials available to minors
-advocate illegal activity
74
Q

What is the 1st (D) amendment?

A

Freedom of Assembly

75
Q

What a person can/cannot do with freedom of assembly

A 
a person can
-congregate in a public place
-protest peacefully
-have a parade (w permit) 
-parade chanting hate slogans
a person cannot
-protest violently
-loiter
-interfere w/ the publics right of way
-create a safety hazard
-break teen curfew
76
Q

What is the 1st (E) amendment?

A

Right to petition the government

77
Q

What a person can/cannot do with the right to petition the government

A 
a person can
-criticize the gov
-express your opinion to your gov leaders
-sue the gov
a person cannot
-make threats against gov officials
-commit treason
78
Q

What are the guarantees of the second amendment?

A

the right to bear arms

79
Q

exceptions with the right to bear arms

A

-some weapons are prohibited throughout the country. (fully automatic machine guns, most military-grade weapons, and “sawed off” shot guns

80
Q

what are the guarantees of the 3rd amendment?

A

No Quartering of soldiers

-gov cannot force you to house a soldier w/o your consent in time of war and peace

81
Q

What are the guarantees of the 4th amendment?

A

No unreasonable searches and siezures

82
Q

What are the exceptions of “No unreasonable searches and seizures” ?

A
  • search warrant
  • pursuant to arrest
  • plain sight
  • “Hot pursuit”
  • emergency
  • schools
83
Q

what are the guarantees of the 5th amendment?

A
  • you must be indicted by a grand jury for a capital crime
  • you cannot be tried for the same offense twice (“double jeopardy”)
  • you do not have to testify against yourself
  • you must have due process of a law before conviction
  • the government may take your land fro the public use if it pays you fair market value (eminent domain)
84
Q

what are the guarantees of the 6th amendment?

A
  • the right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury of one’s peers
  • the right to confront witness against you
  • the right to subpoena favorable witnesses
  • the right to an attorny
85
Q

what are the guarantees of the 7th amendment?

A

-a person who is being sued by another person for an amount greater than $20 has the right to a trial by jury

86
Q

what are the guarantees of the 8th amendment?

A
  • a person charged w/ a crime cannot be held on excessive bail
  • a convicted person cannot be punished in a cruel or unusual way
87
Q

what are the guarantees of the 9th amendment?

A
  • the enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage other retained by the people
  • just because it does not state a right, it does not mean you do not have the right.
88
Q

what are the guarantees of the 10th amendment?

A

-any powers not given to the federal gov by the constitution or not denied to the states are reserved by the states or people.

89
Q

Legislative

A

congress makes the laws

  • approves justices
  • 2/3 vote overrides veto
90
Q

Judicial

A

interpret the laws

  • can declare a law unconstitutional “Judicial review”
  • can declare an act unconstitutional
91
Q

Executive

A

carries out the laws

  • can veto a bill
  • appoints justices

History 10H * (10 decks)

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