test 5 Flashcards
what position were Stephan Douglas and Abe Lincoln running for in 1858?
reelection to senate
How did Abe and Stephan spread their message?
7 debates
What was Douglas’s position on the slavery issue?
popular sovereignty
what was Lincoln’s position on slavery?
opposing extension of slavery to territiories
Who won the election between Douglas and Lincoln?
Douglas
What were some positive results for Lincoln?
- gains name recollition
- press
- travels nationally
- republicans see him as a rising star
What happened on October 16, 1859?
Harper’s Ferry federal armory and arsenal
What is located in Harper’s ferry?
stockpile of weapons
What was Brown’s ultimate plan?
- raid army and hand weapons to slaves
- wanted to march army into the south to free slaves
What happens to Brown?
Executed for his crime
who were the Democratic nominees? Why were there two?
Stephen Douglas and John Breckinridge of KY (to satisfy southerners)
Who is the third party candidate?
John bell of TN (pro slavery but wanted t unify the country)
Who wins the election the second time? Why?
Abe, the split votes gave him more by default
What was the last ditch effort by the South to protect slavery called? what did this call for?
Crittenden Compromise- proposed amendments to constitution
- guaranteed slavery where existed
- reinstate 36-60 line to the California border
Who was the republican nominee for Presidency in 1860?
Abe Lincoln
What happened to the Last ditch effort proposal?
Lincoln opposes it- convinced congressional Republicans to vote against it
What happened after the failure of the proposal? Why was it unsuccessful?
Peace Conference held in DC
- nobody came from secessionist state
- met for 3 weeks
- proposals voted down by congress
What happened on December 17, 1860?
North Carolina secedes
What soon followed after NC secedes?
Followed by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN
What did group of the states that seceded become known as?
The Confederacy
- Jefferson Davis (Pres)
- Alexander Stephens (VP)
Why was a transcontinental railroad necessary in the country?
needed to connect the west coast to the rest of the country
when was the issue that kept a route from being built through the South?
southerners wanted southern route, but the route would have to go through northern Mexico
what is done to solve the route issue?
James Gadsden was sent by the US gov to buy the land from Mexico
What is acquired by Gadsden? How much does the land cost?
Mexico agreed to accept for 10 million for the territory known as the Gadsden purchase. today it is Southern AZ and NM.
How did the North respond to the Gadsden purchase?
they want a northern railroad- pressure on congress
What had to be done to satisfy the North w the Gadsden purchase?
settle two territories; Nebraska and Kansas
why did the south not want Nebraska to become an organized territory?
under the Missouri compromise, they would become free states
how does Senator Douglas propose to resolve this issue?
Kansas-Nebraska act
How would it be determined if each territory was open to slavery?
popular sovereignty; settlers could decide issue of slavery
what results in Kansas? What name is given to this situation (popular sovereignty)?
it became the scene of a territorial civil war between proslavery and antislavery. “Bleeding Kansas”
who is the leader of the anti-slavery group in kansas?
John Brown
what is the significance of the events in Kansas?
becomes preview of what is to come in alter years on a national scale
who was Dred Scott
- slave that had repetitively been moved around
- lived on 2 free soil states, heard he should be free
Why did Dred Scott sue in federal court?
he should be free, he lived in free states
What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott decision?
-African Americans are not citizens of the US
-Had no right to sue in federal courts
(Missouri compromise is invalidated)
how did the ruling in the case divide the Democrats and Republicans?
-southern democrats liked the decision
republicans said the decision was not binding
what was the issue that was raised when new land was acquired in the west?
slavery status in the new territory
what did Southerners want added to the laws of the United States
laws to assist them in capturing runaway slaves
why did President Polk think that the west was not suitable for slavery?
the climate
what did the Wilmot Proviso state?
proposal to ban slavery in any new territory in mexico
what was the idea proposed by Lewis Cass for deciding whether a territory should have slavery?
allow voters of a territory to decide if they wanted slavery or not
how did the idea proposed by Lewis Cass work?
popular vote = majority rules
why was the idea of popular sovereignty not the answer to the problem?
unpopular with abolitionists
CA applied for statehood as what kind of state?
free state
why did CA’s application to become a free state upset the Southerners?
means more free states than slave states
how did the compromise of 1850 attempt to solve the problem of upset Northerners?
pleased both north and south
what was the other component of the Compromise of 1850?
all territory gained from Mexico to use popular sovereignty
What else passed along with the compromise?
the fugitive slave act
If an african american was accused of being runaway slave, what happened first?
arrested and brought before a judge
how was it determined if a person was a runaway slave?
a sworn statement from a white person
what could the accused runaway not do?
had no right to a trial and could not testify
why was the system of accused runaway slaves corrupt?
payment for judge
how did northerners react to the new law of runaway slaves?
outrages Northerners who could be fined or jailed for “helping” runaway slaves
who speaks out against the law of runaway slaves?
Fredrick Douglas
what are the results of Fredrick Douglas’s speeches?
underground railroad gains more popularity
- warns whites they’re at risk too
- whites start to ignore the law
what is “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”?
anti-slavery novel
who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
what was the effect of the book on the country?
- second more widely read book in the country
- increased hatred of slavery by northerners
what did Abraham Lincoln say to the author?
“so you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war”
who was Texas originally settled by?
NA’s
what country claimed their territory in the 1500’s?
Spain
why did the Spanish eventually decide to settle Texas?
protect the territory from French settlement
why did the Spanish build throughout Texas?
Christian missions
what was teh goal of the Spanish in building these?
to educate and civilize the NA’s
why did the mission system fail?
The NA’s disliked the Spanish, refused to inhabit towns, attacked missions
in 1800 how many settlements did Spanish have in TExas?
3
who made the deal with the Spanish to colonize Texas?
Moses Austin
what happened to Moses Austin? who had to take over?
died shortly after, his son Stephan took over
how long did it take Stephen Austin tot build a successful colony?
4 yrs
what happened to Mexico in 1821
gained independence from Spain
what did Mexico want to do with Texas
increase settlement
who are empresarios?
people like Stephen Austin who recruited settlers
what was the population of Texas in 1830? how many colonies are there?
over 30,000 settlers, 12 established colonies
what are the five Mexican laws that settlers of Texas had to follow?
- swear allegiance to Mexico
- Give up UC citizenship
- adopt Roman Catholicism as their religion
- stay on their land for 7 years
- no slavery
why did many settlers not follow the Mexican laws?
Protestant-> catholic
slaves-> non-slaves
ignored laws-> wanted to live their way
what does Mexico do to force settlers to obey their laws?
bans American immigration to Texas
Why did Mexico feel the US wanted to acquire Texas?
it was part of the Louisiana Purchase, but US dropped claim with Spain
why did Texas want to become independent from Mexico?
unhappy with Mexican laws
who was the Mexican President? how did he respond?
Antonio… Lebron
- Santa Anna
- determined to keep control of territory
Who do the Texans choose as their leader? who is he?
Sam Houston, former senator from Tennesse
what was the Alamo origonally? what was it turned into?
old abandoned mission, tuned into fortress protected by 21 cannons
how many troops does Santa Anna bring to the Alamo? how many Texans are there?
6,000 troops, 250 Texans
who is in charge of the Alamo? what resulted?
12 days, Texans died, Travis and Crockett
why was the battle of Alamo important?
Sam Houston assembled larger army at San Jacinto
What is the Goliad? what happened there?
abandoned mission turned into prison that held many Texans accused of crimes against the Mexican gov. Santa Anna murdered 340 prisoners
What does Sam Houston have planned for the Mexican army at San Jacinto?
all-out attack
what are the results at San Jacinto?
marches into ambush, texans were able to force the mexicans to surrender
what happens to Santa Anna?
flees
what is Santa Anna forced to do when he is found under a tree?
sign treaty
what are the terms of the treaty that Santa Anna signs?
- Mexico withdraw troops
- Texas becomes independent republic
what is the moral of the story?
don’t mess with texas
who coined the phrase “manifest destiny”?
John O’ Sullivan
what does manifest destiny mean?
belief that US would inevitably expand westward to the pacific ocean and into Mexican territory
what are the three major reason americans moved west
-many had personal economic problems
land in west, fresh start
-availability of cheap land, profit off of it
who was most likely to move west?
- farmers
- miners (seeking gold and other precious ore)
- merchants follow; seeking new markets
what was the original purpose of the Oregon trail?
traveled by Christian missionaries
where did the Oregon trail start and end?
start- independence, Missouri
ended- Portland, Oreon
who had followed a similar route to the Oregon Trail?
Lewis and Clark
what were some of the hazards of the Oregon Trail?
- long trip
- moved slowly
- poorly made wagons
- can’t ride in wagon
- temp changes
- contaminated water, illness
- NA tribes
what happened to the Donner party?
took incorrect route that costed them extra months
- no food left-> cannibalism
- 83->45
what happened to the leader of the Donner Party?
killed by angry mob
who takes over as leader for the Donner Party?
Brigham Young
where does Brigham Young lead the Donner Party to?
Great Salt Lake, Utah
what caused the Aroostook War?
the expulsion of Canadian Lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials
What resulted from the Webster- Ashburton Treaty?
Border commission settled border
why were the presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitant to add Texas as a state to the US?
it would upset the northern voters who did not want another slave state added
which two countries had a claim on the Oregon Territory?
US and Britain
what was the major question concerning the Oregon territory?
which country does the territory belong to?
what issue cause debate over the expansion of the US? why?
slavery issue
- north wanted non-slave territory added
- south wanted non-free territory added
why did John Tyler run for re-election as a Democrat in 1848?
he had been disowned by his won party, the Whigs, because he wanted to add both Texas and Oregon
why did Democrats choose James Polk as their Candidate instead of Tyler?
he pleases both the North and South with his agenda of adding both Texas and Oregon
who is Polk’s opponent in 1848, what party is he from, and who wins?
henry clay, whigs, polk wins
why was james polk popular in both the north and south
wanted to add both Oregon and Texas territory
why did polk not want war with Britian over Oregon?
feared that war over disputed territory with Mexico-> didn’t want second war
how was the Oregon territory divided between the US and Britain?
drawn down at the 14th parallel
what territory was disputed between the US and Mexico?
territory that was originally part of Texas
why does the US realize war is the only option against Mexico?
Mexico refused to negotiate and urges CA to declare independence (Makes the US look bad)
what general was able to lead troops deep into Mexico?
General Zachary Taylor
what is the name of the peace treaty that the Mexicans are forced to sign?
Guadalupe Hidalgo
what territory is gained by the US as a result of the treaty?
the Southwest, becomes the Mexican Cession
what discovery was made in CA in 1848?
gold
what resulted after the discovery of gold?
mass migration of miners from the East (49ers)
what was the overall effect on CA?
over 400,000 people had traveled to Ca in search of the American Dream.
- people lost everything
- made nothing
- gold fields stripped bare
