Test 2 Flashcards
Where does the great awakening begin?
Starts in New England to spread to all colonies later
What are the three new ideas of the great awakening?
- Focus on “relationship with God”
- God doesn’t hate you, he’s just angry with you
- You can reach heaven by receiving salvation from Jesus Christ
The ideas of the great awakening are different from the puritans because-
Puritans believed
- you can only get to heaven by doing good
- God created the world but didn’t “communicate” with people
What were the two new religious dominations found in the colonies?
Baptist and Methodists
Who was Jonathan Edwards?
A preacher from western MA and considered the founder of the great awakening
What is the name of Jonathan Edwards famous work?
“Sinners in the hands of angry God”
Who was George whitefield?
- British orator who became the biggest “celebrity” of the great awakening
- traveled throughout colonies giving sermons to huge crowds
Why is George whitefield called an “itinerant preacher”?
He travelled to preach
Why were public schools not common in the colonies?
Children needed on farms
What were the only purposes of schools?
To learn to read (so they could read the bible)
Why did girls not go to school?
Learned everything they needed to know from mom
Why did people in the colonial era attend college?
To be a lawyer or minister
Who could attend college?
The wealthy
What were the names of the only three colleges that existed prior to The great awakening?
Harvard, Yale, William & and Mary
What are the names of the five new colleges sounded during the great awakening?
Princeton, Columbia, brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth.
What was the important idea that came from the great awakening that influenced the colonists?
- taught colonists to challenge authority
- church is changed to better suit their needs
- these ideas would be important when colonists seek independence form Britain
What war was the French and Indian war part of?
The seven years War
What were the two sides of the war?
French & Indians vs British
Why is it called the French and Indian war?
They’re allies, idrk
What was the issue that caused the French and Indian war?
French and British in competition over land in the Ohio valley
Why were the two sides competing for the land?
Prime land, fur trapping and farm land ($)
What is “the great awakening”?
A spiritual revival designed to get more people involved with the church
what did French soldiers establish in the 1750’s?
a fort to protect their interests in the Ohio Valley called fort Duquesne
When did the war officially begin?
1753
Who was sent by the British to warn the French to leave the area?
George Washington
what did Washington hope to do with his Virginia Militia?
Capture Fort Duquesne
Why was Washington unable to capture Fort Duquesne?
The fort was too strong
What does Washington build instead of capturing Fort Duquesne?
His own fort, “Necessity”
Who is Edward Braddock?
British general
What is Braddock’s plan? How does it work out?
Plan to march to fort Duquesne and take the fort over, which was heavily defended.
What happened to Fort Necessity? What about Washington?
- It was destroyed
- 1/3 of Washington’s men were killed and fled
- French permitted him and his men to return to Virginia
Who is Joseph Brant?
leader of the Mohawk tribe
What is Brant’s importance in the war?
He convinced many Indians to leave the French and join the British.
How does Brant’s acts affect the war?
This turns the tide of the war (French don’t have allies)
How does William Pitt help turn the tide of the war?
He taught soldiers new strategies; not in formation, use the landscape to your advantage
How did the British honor Pitt after capturing Ft. Duquesne?
They named it Ft. Pitt, which then became the city of Pittsburg
What is Pitt’s other major idea?
Taxing the colonies (to pay for the war effort)
Where does the final battle of the war take place? what year?
Quebec, 1759
Who are the leaders from each side?
James Wolfe (British) and Marquis De Montcalm (French)
Who wins the battle? what happens to both leaders?
British, Montcalm dies and Wolfe dies days later due to battle injuries.
What are the lasting effects of the war?
- Relationships were not good between natives and British
- The victory gave the British a stronger hold on the colonies and control of the continent.
- Ultimately, the colonists would soon get tired of the British influence.
What is the name of the peace treaty? What are the terms?
Treaty of Paris (1763)
- French give up all land in North America up to the Mississippi River, including all of Canada
- Spain, who had helped the French, have to give up Florida.
What tribe were the British attempting to make an alliance with during the FAIW?
Iroquois
what was the real goal of the British attempting to make an alliance with that tribe?
get colonists to join together
why did the British want the colonists to join together?
Defense against France?
Why was the Albany Plan of Union significant?
it was the first attempt at having a national representative government.
Why was the Albany Plan of Union really a failure?
only get 7 out of 13 colonists to show up at meating
Who was Ben Franklin?
editor of the Pennsylvania Gazette
How did Ben Franklin attempt to get the colonists to join together?
He tried to promote unity by publishing a political cartoon encouraging colonists to join together.
What is the message of B.F.’s political cartoon?
Join or die (if we come together people will be more intimidated by us)
How did the Treaty of Paris affect the Native Americans?
It hurts them
Why was the removal of French a problem for the NA’s?
- French were gone
- didn’t get land back
- no leverage
Who decides to rebel against the British? What tribe is he from?
Chief of the Ottawa tribe, Pontiac
What is Pontiac’s ultimate goal?
Lead a rebellion against the British and drive them out of the Ohio Valley
How successful was Pontiac with his goal?
His warriors were able to kill or capture ~2000 British
How did the British retaliate against the NA’s?
- Faked an act of good will
- passed out blankets to Indians that were infected with small pox, causing them to die
Where did the first Continental Congress meet?
Philadelphia
Why did they choose that location of the meeting?
Boston and NYC were closed to any political meetings (intolerable acts)
what four decisions were made at the meeting?
- increase boycotting of British goods
- stop trading with Britain
- train militias (small armies)
- meet again in the future
who was the British general in charge of ending colonial rebellions?
Thomas Gage
what does Thomas gage find out about Lexington and Concord?
Patriots are storing weapons and ammunition in those towns
who is hiding at these locations?
Sam Adams and John Hancock
What is the message Paul Revere uses to warn the colonists in Boston about the British? Where does he display the message?
He used lanterns in the old North Church stable “one if by land, two if by sea”
who are the three midnight riders?
Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott
what do the three midnight riders do?
ride through the country on horseback to warn patriots outside of Boston
Who is the only one to make the full trip?
Samuel Prescott
Why is Paul Revere the best known of the riders?
he got all the glory because of a famous poem by Henry Longfellow that gave him all the credit.
Why was the midnight ride a success?
the patriots were able to move the weapons and ammo before the British arrived. The patriots were ready for the British arrival.
When and where did the first shots of the American Revolution take place?
April of 1775, Lexington and Concord
Who fired first? What is the shot known as?
No one knows, “ the shot heard ‘round the world”
Why are the colonial soldiers known as “minutemen”?
They have to be ready in a minute
What is the strategy of minutemen?
Guerilla warfare, use land to advantage, surround British
What is the result of this battle?
Major moral victory to patriots
Why is this battle important?
Though the number of casualties was small, it gave them hope for victory in the larger war.
Proclamation of 1763
it prohibited settlement past Appalachian mountains
British view- prevents conflicts with NA’s
Colonial view- we just fought the FAIW for this land!
End results- colonists settle there anyway
sugar act
tax on molasses
British view- money to pay warfare debt
Colonial view- protests smuggling boycotting
end results- repeal tax and replace w/ stamp act
stamp act
tax on all documents/ paper goods
british view- money to pay war debt
colonial view- “no taxation with out representation”
end results- colonists angry and violent
Townshend acts
tax on tea, paint, led, glass, paper
british view- money to pay officials in colonies
colonial view- non-importation agreements
end results- all repealed excepts tea tax
quartering acts
colonists must provide room and board to british soldiers
british view- saves money for Britain
colonial view- outrage, violates british rights
end results- Boston massacre
Boston Massacre
skirmish between colonists and British soldiers, 5 colonists killed
british view- self defense
colonial view- murder
end results- greater outrage and sense of unity
tea act
tax on surplus tea
british view- help company make money on product that would be wasted
colonial view- felt exploited, boycotting
end results- boston tea party
Boston Tea Party
Sons of Liberty bard 3 British ships and toss tea into Boston Harbor
British view- insulted, open rebellion
colonial view- patriotic act
end results- intolerable acts
Intolerable acts
- Boston harbor closed
- no public meetings in Boston or NYC
- British officials charged with crimes and must be tried Britain
- rise in quarter act
British view- punishment
colonial- time to break away
end results- continental congress
