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Chemisty > Unit 7 Test > Flashcards

Unit 7 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Are molecules 3D or 2D?

A

3D

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2
Q

What does VSEPR stand for?

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

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3
Q

What does the VSEPR theory state?

A

Repulsions between valence shell electron pairs cause the molecule’s shape to adjust so the valence electrons are as far as possible.

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4
Q

What is a lone pair?

A

An electron pair, also known as a nonbonding pair, is a pair of electrons that don’t get shared/exchanged in a bond.

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5
Q

What is a bonding pair?

A

A pair of electrons that are shared/exchanged, forming a line between two elements.

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6
Q

What is repulsion?

A

A force that pushes something apart.

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7
Q

Do unshared pairs repel each other slightly more or less than shared pairs?

A

Unshared pairs repel each other slights more because negatives repel each other.

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8
Q

What does more repulsion result in?

A

Bond angle decrease.

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9
Q

How do you determine molecular shape?

A

Draw Lewis dot structure (bonds = lines, lone pairs = dots)

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10
Q

Which atom is typically written first?

A

Central atom. (hydrogen never center)

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11
Q

What does molecular shape determine?

A

Behavior

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12
Q

Where is a dotted angle?

A

Behind plane

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13
Q

Where is a solid angle?

A

In front of plane

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14
Q

Where is a solid angle?

A

In front of the plane

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15
Q

Whats an example of a Linear?

A

CO2

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16
Q

Whats an example of a Trigonal Planar compound?

A

BF3

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17
Q

Whats an example of a bent Trigonal Planar?

A

SO2

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18
Q

Whats an example of a Tetrahedral?

A

CH4

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19
Q

Whats an example of a Trigonal Pyramidal?

A

NH3

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20
Q

Whats an example of a bent Tetrahedral?

A

H20

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21
Q

What are regions of electron density and how do you count them?

A

There are regions where you find electrons. You count the # of these regions by counting the number of bonds and lone pairs. *Count double and triple bonds as one one E region.

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22
Q

Whats the angle of Linears?

A

180 degrees

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23
Q

Whats the angle of Trigonal Planars?

A

120 degrees

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24
Q

Whats the angle of bent Trigonal planars?

A

118 degrees

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25
Q

2 bonding, 0 nonbonding

A

Linear

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26
Q

3 bonding, 0 nonbonding

A

Trigonal Planar

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27
Q

2 bonding, 1 nonbonding

A

Bent Trigonal Planar

28
Q

4 bonding, 0 nonbonding

A

Tetrahedral

29
Q

3 bonding, 1 nonbonding

A

Trigonal Pyramidal

30
Q

2 bonding, 2 nonbonding

A

Bent Tetrahedral

31
Q

What does tetra mean?

A

4

32
Q

What does tri mean?

A

3

33
Q

How do particles in gas move?

A

They move very far apart and very fast.

34
Q

How do gasses expand?

A

Gasses expand to fill any volume available to them.

35
Q

Where does pressure come from?

A

Gas particles colliding with solid objects.

36
Q

The pressure of gas is equal to what?

A

The frequency of collisions.

37
Q

If the particles of gas increase in speed, what else will increase?

A

The temperature of the gas sample.

38
Q

Is gas volume effected by outside changes in pressure and temperature?

A

Yes

39
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

Pressure and volume is inversely related. (PV=k)

40
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

Temperature (K) and volume are directly related. (V/T=k)

41
Q

What does k stand for?

A

Constant

42
Q

What is a closed system?

A

The # of moles of a gas does not change.

43
Q

How do you get Kelvin (K) from Celsius (C)?

A

273 + C = K

44
Q

What does solubility represent?

A

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent at a given temperature. (limit)

45
Q

What kind of relationship does solubility of gas and temperature have?

A

Inverse relationship

46
Q

What is Henry’s Law equation?

A

S1/P1=S2/P2

47
Q

What is Concentrations?

A

How much solute is dissolved within an amount of solution. (quantitative)

48
Q

What kind of property is dissolving?

A

A reversible, physical property.

49
Q

What is Dilute?

A

A solution mostly of solvent with a small amount of solute.

50
Q

What is a Concentrated solutions?

A

Solution has a lot of dissolved solute compared to the total amount of solution.

51
Q

What is the universal gas constant?

A

0.0821 Latm/molK

52
Q

What is the Ideal Gas Law equation?

A

PV = nRT (P=atm, V=L, n=#moles, T=K, R= gas constant)

53
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A space that does not contain any particles of matter.

54
Q

What is Barometer?

A

An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.

55
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

States that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

56
Q

What is Atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure we feel from the air around us.

57
Q

What is standard pressure?

A

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr

58
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.

59
Q

What is the ionization energy trend?

A

Increases upwards to the right.

60
Q

How do you know if a compound is polar or nonpolarHow do you know if a compound is polar or nonpolar?

A

1.Draw the Lewis structure
2. Figure out the geometry (using VSEPR theory)
3. Visualize or draw the geometry
4. Find the net dipole moment (you don’t have to actually do calculations if you can visualize it)
5. If the net dipole moment is zero, it is non-polar. Otherwise, it is polar.

61
Q

What is BrINClHOF?

A

Diatomic molecules (occur in pairs only)

62
Q

What are IMFs?

A

Forces between neighboring molecules. Forces hold together molecules to form solids and liquids.

63
Q

Are IMFs stronger than ionic and covalent bonds?

A

Weaker.

64
Q

Whats the relationship between IMfs and Boiling Point?

A

Direct

65
Q

What is the ideal gas?

A

A gas whose particles exhibit absolutely no attractive or repulsive forces with each particle having an insignificant volume.

Chemisty (16 decks)

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