Unit 7: Strength & Motor Performance Flashcards
Physical fitness
an adaptive state that varies with an individuals growth and maturity status, and with their physical activity habits and lifestyle
3 basic components of fitness
muscular strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance and motor ability
Muscular strength and endurance as a component of fitness
strength is the ability to express muscular force
Cardiorespiratory endurance as a component of fitness
endurance is the ability to carry out a task over a period of time
Motor ability as a component of fitness
includes several components that permit individuals to preform specific tasks
-eg: power, speed, agility or flexability
Ways to classify motor activities
- Fine vs gross motor activities
- discrete, continuous or serial skills
- open vs closed skills
- fundamental and specialized skills
Fine motor skills
movements that require precision and dexterity - manipulative tasks
Eg: using pencil, buttoning a shirt, opening a lunch box
Gross motor skills
require the entire body or major segments of the body - locomotor activities
Eg: walking, throwing, lifting
The speed-accuracy trade-off
Trade-off implies that higher movement speeds are generally accompanied by a loss in movement accuracy
Fitt’s Law
the time it takes you to move the cursor on the red rectangle depends on the size and distance
Discrete motor skills
Have a clear beginning and end
-tend to be brief, well defined actions
Eg: hitting or throwing a baseball
Serial motor skills
Represent a sequence of continuous and/or discrete motor skills
-more complex in nature
Eg: triple jump
Continuous motor skills
May have no apparent start or end
-the skill is repeated like a cycle
Eg: Running
Closed motor skills
Skill is preformed in a stable or predictable environment
-the movement patterns for the motor skill can be planned in advance
Eg: tennis serve, gymnastics routine
Open motor skills
Preformed in a dynamic and/or changing environment
-influenced by other factors than yourself
Eg: football, basketball, soccer
Fundamental motor skills
A basic motor skill that can be divided into locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative skills
Locomotor as a fundamental skill
where the body is moved through space
Eg: walking
Non-locomotor as a fundamental skill
where specific body parts are moved
Eg: pushing, bending, twisting
Manipulative as a fundamental skill
Where an object is moved
Eg: throwing, striking, kicking
Specialized motor skills
Motor development involves the acquisition and refinement of basic motor skills
-basic patterns are integrated into more specialized and complex skills
-combines fundamental skills
Performance
how you are doing in the moment
-can vary from moment to moment
-can be affected by situational variables - functional and environmental constraints
Learning
-set of process occurring within the central nervous system
-produces an acquired capability
-changes are relatively permanent
-not directly observable
-changes are inferred from certain performance changes
-results form practice
Practice
refers to deliberate attempt to achieve motor learning although can also result in learning
Things that must be considered when comparing performance and learning
practice is critical for learning, performance curves, learning-performance distinctions, retention and transfer are true ‘tests’ for learning