Unit 7 Part 1

Question 1

Instinct Theory

Answer 1

Motivated by inborn, automated behaviors

Question 2

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 2

Motivated by biological needs (maintain homeostasis)

Question 3

Arousal Theory

Answer 3

Motivated to obtain an optimum level of arousal

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 4

Performance is best at moderate arousal levels

Question 5

Incentive Theory

Answer 5

Motivated by external rewards

Question 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 6

Motivated by needs, must satisfy lowest needs first

Question 7

Achievement Motivation

Answer 7

Examines our desire to master complex tasks/knowledge and achieve goals

Question 8

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 8

-Motivation driven by internal factors (enjoyment, satisfaction)
-Most effective sustain behavior for a long period of time

Question 9

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 9

-Motivation driven by an external reward or punishment
-Most effective for a shorter amount of time

Question 10

Overjustification effect

Answer 10

-The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do
-The person may now see the reward, rather than the intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task
-Lowers intrinsic motivation

Question 11

Affiliated Need

Answer 11

-Describes a person’s need to feel a sense of involvement and “belonging” within a social group

Question 12

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 12

-When stimulated, it makes you hungry
-When lesioned, you’ll never be hungry again

Question 13

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 13

-When stimulated, you feel full
-When lesioned, you’ll never feel full again

Question 14

Kinsey’s Studies

Answer 14

C-onducted subjective interviews about people’s sexual behaviors
-Developed the Kinsey Scale (scale of sexuality ranging from heterosexuality to homosexuality)
-His research suggested that between 3% and 10% or people are homosexual

Question 15

Masters and Johnson Study

Answer 15

-Observed people as they engaged in various sexual activities
-Developed the sexual response cycle

Question 16

Sexual Response Cycle Stages

Answer 16

1. Excitement: Genital areas become engorged with blood, penis becomes erect, clitoris swells, respiration and heart rate increases.
2. Plateau: Respiration and heart rate continue at an elevated level, genitals secrete fluids in preparation for orgasm.
3. Orgasm: Rhythmic genital contractions that may help conception. Respiration and heart rate increase further, males ejaculate (there is evidence of female ejaculation as well), often accompanied by a pleasurable euphoria.
4. Resolution: Respiration and heart rate return to normal resting states. During this phase, people experience a refractory period.

Question 17

Refractory Period

Answer 17

-Recovery period after orgasm which it is physiologically impossible to have additional orgasms
-Lasts from a few minutes to 1 day+
Only really affects men

Question 18

The Brain and Sexual Orientation

Answer 18

-Cluster of cells in the hypothalamus is larger in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women or homesexual men

Question 19

Genetic Factors and Sexual Orientation

Answer 19

Homosexuality seems to run in families; more common in identical than fraternal twins

Question 20

Prenatal Hormones and Sexual Orientation

Answer 20

-Current research points to hormonal levels in prenatal environment