Unit 7: Neoplasms and Cysts (Oncology) Flashcards
1
Q
-Genetic Program
-Limited by contact with other cells
-Growth-promoting and/or growth-inhibiting factors.
Once formed > perform specialized functions
A
Growth of Normal Cells
2
Q
Permanent cellular changes triggered by adverse conditions
A
Cellular Alterations
3
Q
- Non-neoplastic changes
- Neoplastic changes
A
Cellular Alterations
4
Q
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Dysplasia
- Metaplasia
A
Non-neoplastic Changes
5
Q
usually follows hyperplasia, altered size, shape and organization of cells
A
Dysplasia
6
Q
cell changes to another cell type
A
Metaplasia
7
Q
development of new type of cell with uncontrolled growth
A
Neoplasm (Tumor)
8
Q
caused by genetic mutation due to exposure to carcinogen (cancer-causeing agent or substance)
A
Neoplasm (Tumor)
9
Q
- Genetic Predisposition
- Microbial Carcinogen
- Radioactive Factors
- Chemical Carcinogen
- Hormones
- Animal Carcinogen
- Personal Risk Behaviors
A
Carcinogen Examples
10
Q
Appearance and growth pattern
“oma”
A
Benign Neoplasm
11
Q
Appearance and growth pattern
“carcinoma” or “sarcoma”
A
Neoplasm: Malginant
12
Q
- grow by expansion
- resemble tissue of origin
- encapsulated, makes removal or excision easier
- Do Not migrate (do not metastasize)
- generally Do Not return after surgical removal
- Do Not cause extensive tissue damage
- Do Not cause whole body changes
- generally not fatal
A
Benign Neoplasm
13
Q
group of closely packed cells that cover surfaces, line body cavities, form secretory parts of glands
A
Epithelial Tissue Benign Neoplasm
14
Q
- Adenoma
- Papilloma
A
Types of Epithelial Tissue Benign Neoplasm
15
Q
Glandular (gland) epithelium
A
Adenoma
16
Q
tumor of skin or mucous membrane
A
Papilloma
17
Q
circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin due to hyperplasia of the blood vessels
A
Nevus
18
Q
growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
A
Polyp
19
Q
innervated, vascular tissue that connect, support, protect, transport and insulate
A
Connective Tissue Benign Neoplasm
20
Q
bone tumor
A
Osteoma
21
Q
cartilage tumore
A
Chondroma
22
Q
adipose tissue tumor
A
Lipoma
23
Q
blood vessels or lymph vessel tumor
A
Angioma
24
Q
tumor like swelling filled with blood
A
Hemtoma
25
fibrous, encapsulated tissue; irregular in shape, firm consistency
Fibroma
26
grows from mastoid process producing an external swelling
Mastoid Osteoma
27
uncommon, usually recurrent benign tumor of embryonic adipose tissue that occurs predominantly in children; on the extremities, neck
Lipoblastoma
28
painless, slowly growing solid tumor that distorts shape of tissue; resembles a cauliflower ear
Chondroma of Auricle
29
highly vascular tissue that allows movement of body parts and materials through tubes
Muscle Tissue Benign Neoplasm
30
Benign muscle tissue
Myoma
31
striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle tissue tumor; usually infants and young children, heart disorders
Rhabdomyoma
32
smooth muscle tissue tumor
Leiomyoma
33
form processes, recognize environmental changes, drives responses
Nervous Tissue
34
tumor composed of nerve cells
Neuroma
35
- grow by infiltration
- metatasize creating secondary foci (location)
- can reoccur when surgically removed
- cause extensive tissue damage
- cause total body changes
- tumor does not resemble tissue surrounding it
- lethal unless treated
* **Most common cancers: lung, breast and colon
Malignant Neoplasm (Cancer)
36
malignant growth/tumor arising from epithelium
Epithelioma (Carcinoma)
37
pigmented mole or tumor; arising from pigment producing cells
Melanoma
38
tumor of epidermal (skin) squamous cells
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
39
tumor of the basal cells of epidermis (skin)
Basal Cell Carcinoma
40
arising from glandular (gland) organ
Adenocarcinoma
41
tumor of the unitary bladder, urethra or renal pelvis (kidney)
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
42
- Hematuria
- Frequent, Urgent, Painful, Urination
- Urinary Incontience
- Abdominal Pain
- Anemia
Transitional Cell Carcinoma Symptoms
43
- Least common but most serious form of skin cancer
- Irregular outline, more than one color
- Grows over weeks and months anywhere on the body
- If untreated, can metastasize
Melanoma
44
tumor arising from Connective Tissue
Sarcoma
45
bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
46
cartilage tumor
Chondrosarcoma
47
adipose tisse tumor
Liposarcoma
48
tumor of vascular (forming vessels) endothelial cells
Angiosarcoma
49
tumor of fibrous tissue
Fibrosarcoma
50
tumor of lymphatic system that arise in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue
Lymphoma
51
tumor of blood forming structures/organs
Leukemia
52
tumor of striated muscle tissue
Rhabdomyosarcoma
53
tumor of smooth muscle tissue
Leiomyosarcoma
54
tumor of neuroglial cells (nerve tissue)
Glioma
55
Epithelial tissue carcinoma to lymphatic system
Metastasis
56
Sarcomas spread via blood to liver, lungs, brain
Metastasis
57
excessive body wasting
Emaciation
58
abnormal growth of tumors
Tissue Deformation
59
tumors put pressure on tissues or organs
Extravascular
60
physical wasting (emaciation) with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by chronic progressive disease
Cachexia
61
abnormal closed sac-like structures that contain a liquid, gaseous, or semisolid substance.
- Can occur anywhere on the body
- tumor (benign)
Cysts
62
- Wear & Tear or obstructions to flow of fluid
- Infections
- Tumors
- Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
- Genetic Conditions
- Defects during embryonic development
Cysts Etiology
63
part of benign proliferative disease fibrocystic breast disease.
Breast Cysts
64
behind the knee
Baker Cysts (Popliteal)
65
joints and tendons
Ganglion Cysts
66
cysts of the glands within the eyelid
Chalazions
67
in the skin
Sebaceous Cysts
68
benign, fluid-filled sacs on or near the ovary
Ovarian Cysts
69
forming on normally functioning ovaries, most common, may become very large (grapefruit size)
Physiologic Ovarian Cyst
70
abnormal type not related to function
Neoplastic Ovarian Cyst
71
pain during sexual intercourse
Dyspareunia
72
Sebaceous gland that produces sebum (oil) becomes block and sebum collects under the skin
- Can form anywhere
* **Most Common: scalp, neck. groin area
Sebaceous Cysts
73
the fluid that oozes through the tissues into a cavity or to the surface
Exudate
74
a microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grown in the presence of oxygen
Facultative Aerobe
75
An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence
Facultative Anaerobe
76
having the capacity to do something that is not compulsory, in particular having the ability to live or adapt to certain conditions
Facultative Bacteria
77
prefers live organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of dead organic matter under certain conditions
Facultative Saprophtye
78
term associated with fever
Febrile
79
an encapsulated tumor composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue; fibroid, tumor, inoma
Fibroma
80
on in which organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body
Focal infection
81
any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted
Fomite
82
having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
Fulminating
83
a condition or disease in which there is no recognizable change in anatomy
Functional
84
a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous
Fungus (fungi)
85
a agent that kills fungi and their spores
Fungicide
86
an abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle.
Furuncle
87
a form of necrosis combined with putrefaction
Gangrene
88
inflammation of the stomach
Gastritis
89
inflammation of the gingival tissues
Gingivitis
90
Parenchymatous nephritis with pronounced lesions in the glomeruli
Glomerulonephritis
91
an infection that becomes systemic
General Infection
92
deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death, repair, etc without reference to particular organs or organ systems.
General Pathology
93
Suffix meaning generation
genesis
94
a substance that destroys microorganisms
Germicide
95
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
Goiter
96
Study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease.
Gross Pathology
