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Physiological Pathology > Unit 7: Neoplasms and Cysts (Oncology) > Flashcards

Unit 7: Neoplasms and Cysts (Oncology) Flashcards

1
Q

-Genetic Program
-Limited by contact with other cells
-Growth-promoting and/or growth-inhibiting factors.
Once formed > perform specialized functions

A

Growth of Normal Cells

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2
Q

Permanent cellular changes triggered by adverse conditions

A

Cellular Alterations

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3
Q
  • Non-neoplastic changes

- Neoplastic changes

A

Cellular Alterations

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4
Q
  • Atrophy
  • Hypertrophy
  • Hyperplasia
  • Dysplasia
  • Metaplasia
A

Non-neoplastic Changes

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5
Q

usually follows hyperplasia, altered size, shape and organization of cells

A

Dysplasia

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6
Q

cell changes to another cell type

A

Metaplasia

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7
Q

development of new type of cell with uncontrolled growth

A

Neoplasm (Tumor)

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8
Q

caused by genetic mutation due to exposure to carcinogen (cancer-causeing agent or substance)

A

Neoplasm (Tumor)

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9
Q
  • Genetic Predisposition
  • Microbial Carcinogen
  • Radioactive Factors
  • Chemical Carcinogen
  • Hormones
  • Animal Carcinogen
  • Personal Risk Behaviors
A

Carcinogen Examples

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10
Q

Appearance and growth pattern

“oma”

A

Benign Neoplasm

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11
Q

Appearance and growth pattern

“carcinoma” or “sarcoma”

A

Neoplasm: Malginant

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12
Q
  • grow by expansion
  • resemble tissue of origin
  • encapsulated, makes removal or excision easier
  • Do Not migrate (do not metastasize)
  • generally Do Not return after surgical removal
  • Do Not cause extensive tissue damage
  • Do Not cause whole body changes
  • generally not fatal
A

Benign Neoplasm

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13
Q

group of closely packed cells that cover surfaces, line body cavities, form secretory parts of glands

A

Epithelial Tissue Benign Neoplasm

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14
Q
  • Adenoma

- Papilloma

A

Types of Epithelial Tissue Benign Neoplasm

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15
Q

Glandular (gland) epithelium

A

Adenoma

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16
Q

tumor of skin or mucous membrane

A

Papilloma

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17
Q

circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin due to hyperplasia of the blood vessels

A

Nevus

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18
Q

growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane

A

Polyp

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19
Q

innervated, vascular tissue that connect, support, protect, transport and insulate

A

Connective Tissue Benign Neoplasm

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20
Q

bone tumor

A

Osteoma

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21
Q

cartilage tumore

A

Chondroma

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22
Q

adipose tissue tumor

A

Lipoma

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23
Q

blood vessels or lymph vessel tumor

A

Angioma

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24
Q

tumor like swelling filled with blood

A

Hemtoma

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25
Q

fibrous, encapsulated tissue; irregular in shape, firm consistency

A

Fibroma

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26
Q

grows from mastoid process producing an external swelling

A

Mastoid Osteoma

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27
Q

uncommon, usually recurrent benign tumor of embryonic adipose tissue that occurs predominantly in children; on the extremities, neck

A

Lipoblastoma

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28
Q

painless, slowly growing solid tumor that distorts shape of tissue; resembles a cauliflower ear

A

Chondroma of Auricle

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29
Q

highly vascular tissue that allows movement of body parts and materials through tubes

A

Muscle Tissue Benign Neoplasm

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30
Q

Benign muscle tissue

A

Myoma

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31
Q

striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle tissue tumor; usually infants and young children, heart disorders

A

Rhabdomyoma

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32
Q

smooth muscle tissue tumor

A

Leiomyoma

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33
Q

form processes, recognize environmental changes, drives responses

A

Nervous Tissue

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34
Q

tumor composed of nerve cells

A

Neuroma

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35
Q
  • grow by infiltration
  • metatasize creating secondary foci (location)
  • can reoccur when surgically removed
  • cause extensive tissue damage
  • cause total body changes
  • tumor does not resemble tissue surrounding it
  • lethal unless treated
  • **Most common cancers: lung, breast and colon
A

Malignant Neoplasm (Cancer)

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36
Q

malignant growth/tumor arising from epithelium

A

Epithelioma (Carcinoma)

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37
Q

pigmented mole or tumor; arising from pigment producing cells

A

Melanoma

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38
Q

tumor of epidermal (skin) squamous cells

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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39
Q

tumor of the basal cells of epidermis (skin)

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

40
Q

arising from glandular (gland) organ

A

Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

tumor of the unitary bladder, urethra or renal pelvis (kidney)

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

42
Q
  • Hematuria
  • Frequent, Urgent, Painful, Urination
  • Urinary Incontience
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Anemia
A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma Symptoms

43
Q
  • Least common but most serious form of skin cancer
  • Irregular outline, more than one color
  • Grows over weeks and months anywhere on the body
  • If untreated, can metastasize
A

Melanoma

44
Q

tumor arising from Connective Tissue

A

Sarcoma

45
Q

bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

46
Q

cartilage tumor

A

Chondrosarcoma

47
Q

adipose tisse tumor

A

Liposarcoma

48
Q

tumor of vascular (forming vessels) endothelial cells

A

Angiosarcoma

49
Q

tumor of fibrous tissue

A

Fibrosarcoma

50
Q

tumor of lymphatic system that arise in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphoma

51
Q

tumor of blood forming structures/organs

A

Leukemia

52
Q

tumor of striated muscle tissue

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

53
Q

tumor of smooth muscle tissue

A

Leiomyosarcoma

54
Q

tumor of neuroglial cells (nerve tissue)

A

Glioma

55
Q

Epithelial tissue carcinoma to lymphatic system

A

Metastasis

56
Q

Sarcomas spread via blood to liver, lungs, brain

A

Metastasis

57
Q

excessive body wasting

A

Emaciation

58
Q

abnormal growth of tumors

A

Tissue Deformation

59
Q

tumors put pressure on tissues or organs

A

Extravascular

60
Q

physical wasting (emaciation) with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by chronic progressive disease

A

Cachexia

61
Q

abnormal closed sac-like structures that contain a liquid, gaseous, or semisolid substance.

  • Can occur anywhere on the body
  • tumor (benign)
A

Cysts

62
Q
  • Wear & Tear or obstructions to flow of fluid
  • Infections
  • Tumors
  • Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
  • Genetic Conditions
  • Defects during embryonic development
A

Cysts Etiology

63
Q

part of benign proliferative disease fibrocystic breast disease.

A

Breast Cysts

64
Q

behind the knee

A

Baker Cysts (Popliteal)

65
Q

joints and tendons

A

Ganglion Cysts

66
Q

cysts of the glands within the eyelid

A

Chalazions

67
Q

in the skin

A

Sebaceous Cysts

68
Q

benign, fluid-filled sacs on or near the ovary

A

Ovarian Cysts

69
Q

forming on normally functioning ovaries, most common, may become very large (grapefruit size)

A

Physiologic Ovarian Cyst

70
Q

abnormal type not related to function

A

Neoplastic Ovarian Cyst

71
Q

pain during sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

72
Q

Sebaceous gland that produces sebum (oil) becomes block and sebum collects under the skin

  • Can form anywhere
  • **Most Common: scalp, neck. groin area
A

Sebaceous Cysts

73
Q

the fluid that oozes through the tissues into a cavity or to the surface

A

Exudate

74
Q

a microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grown in the presence of oxygen

A

Facultative Aerobe

75
Q

An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence

A

Facultative Anaerobe

76
Q

having the capacity to do something that is not compulsory, in particular having the ability to live or adapt to certain conditions

A

Facultative Bacteria

77
Q

prefers live organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of dead organic matter under certain conditions

A

Facultative Saprophtye

78
Q

term associated with fever

A

Febrile

79
Q

an encapsulated tumor composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue; fibroid, tumor, inoma

A

Fibroma

80
Q

on in which organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body

A

Focal infection

81
Q

any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted

A

Fomite

82
Q

having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal

A

Fulminating

83
Q

a condition or disease in which there is no recognizable change in anatomy

A

Functional

84
Q

a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous

A

Fungus (fungi)

85
Q

a agent that kills fungi and their spores

A

Fungicide

86
Q

an abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle.

A

Furuncle

87
Q

a form of necrosis combined with putrefaction

A

Gangrene

88
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

Gastritis

89
Q

inflammation of the gingival tissues

A

Gingivitis

90
Q

Parenchymatous nephritis with pronounced lesions in the glomeruli

A

Glomerulonephritis

91
Q

an infection that becomes systemic

A

General Infection

92
Q

deals with the study of the widespread processes of disease such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or cellular death, repair, etc without reference to particular organs or organ systems.

A

General Pathology

93
Q

Suffix meaning generation

A

genesis

94
Q

a substance that destroys microorganisms

A

Germicide

95
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency

A

Goiter

96
Q

Study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of disease.

A

Gross Pathology

Physiological Pathology (8 decks)

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