Unit 6: Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards
to & form capillaries of the lungs
brings deoxygenated blood to lungs
returns oxygenated blood to heart
Pulmonary Circulatory
to & form capillaries of the tissues of the body
brings oxygenated blood to tissues
returns deoxygenated blood to heart
Systemic Circulatory
shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment
Results in abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities
Edema
severe, generalized edema of subcutaneous tissue, accumulation of serous fluid in body cavities.
Anasarca
fluid in abdominal (peritoneal) cavity
Ascites
fluid in thoracic (pleural) cavity
Hydrothorax
fluid around the heart
Hydropericardium
edema in scrotum
Hydrocele
increased volume of blood in affected part of the body
Hyperemia and Congestion
active process of engorgement with bright red, oxygenated blood recruited by signals from affected sites
Hyperemia
dilation of arteries due to
inflammation, increased metabolic activity (delivery of more blood “on demand” of a working tissue)
Physiologic (functional)
passive process of tissue engorgement with bluish, poorly oxygenated blood
Congestive
due to impaired venous flow
Pathologic
reduction in arterial blood supply (oxygen and nutrients) to a tissue or body part
Ischemia
Arterial Obstruction Venous Obstruction Vasoconstriction External Pressure Heart Failure
Ischemia Etiology
Accumulation of metabolic wastes
Pain
Atrophy
Tissue Damage > Tissue necrosis (infarct)
Ischemia Effects
Necrosis of tissue due to interference in blood supply to that tissue, usually follows ischemia.
Organs most often affected-spleen, kidneys, lungs, brain & heart
Infarction (Ischemia Necrosis)
area of cell death (necrosis) resulting from anoxia caused by
- blockage of the coronary artery (usually left branch) by arteriosclerosis or a blood clot
- disruption of venous drainage (accumulation f wastes)
Myocardial Infarction
means hardening
Sclerosis
thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls partly due to deposition of calcium; most often cause by atherosclerosis
-Can restrict blood flow
Arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries due to build up of waxy plaque inside of blood vessels
-Can restrict blood flow
Atherosclerosis
caused by formation or presence of thrombus.
an attached solid mass or blood clot made up of blood cells.
Thrombosis
- Injury or diseases of blood vessel wall
- Reduced rate of blood flow
- Blood diseases
- Alterations in blood composition
Thrombosis Etiology
Obstruction of a blood vessel; thrombus may dislodge
Partial Thrombosis
blockage of a blood vessel, with ischemia & infarction
Obstruction Thrombosis (total=complete)
infected, very dangerous
Septic Thrombosis
not infected
Aseptic Thrombosis
thrombi that can resolve on their own
Tiny Thrombi
thrombi that may grow; be surrounded by fibrous tissue and my become obstructive or become an emboli
Large Thrombi
thrombi dissolve without further damage (small thrombi)
Resolution
mineral salts accumulate around thrombus, may become obstructive
Calcification
pieces of thrombus dislodge and mover through the bloodstream
Fragmentation
septic (infected) thrombus; fragments move though bloodstream > spread infection and may block small blood vessels.
Septic Softening
new blood capillaries form around to bypass the thrombus.
Canalization
reduction in arterial blood (oxygen) supply.
Ischemia (Thrombosis consequences)
abnormal venous drainage
Passive Hyperemia (Thrombosis consequences)
death of tissue with loss of vascular supply, may be followed by bacterial infection.
Gangrene (Thrombosis consequences)
tissue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying the area.
Infarction (Thrombosis consequences)
presence of bacteria in blood from a septic thrombus
Bacterema (Thrombosis consequences)
caused by formation of solid or gaseous object floating free in the bloodstream.
Embolism
- Fragments of thrombi
- Clumps of bacteria
- Fragmented tumor cells
- Animal Parasites
- Fat, gas (air)
- Foreign bodies-chemicals
Types of Embolisms
if blockage occurs
Ischemia (Embolism consequences)