Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiological Pathology > Unit 6: Circulatory Disturbances > Flashcards

Unit 6: Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

to & form capillaries of the lungs
brings deoxygenated blood to lungs
returns oxygenated blood to heart

A

Pulmonary Circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

to & form capillaries of the tissues of the body
brings oxygenated blood to tissues
returns deoxygenated blood to heart

A

Systemic Circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment

Results in abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities

A

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

severe, generalized edema of subcutaneous tissue, accumulation of serous fluid in body cavities.

A

Anasarca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fluid in abdominal (peritoneal) cavity

A

Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fluid in thoracic (pleural) cavity

A

Hydrothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fluid around the heart

A

Hydropericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

edema in scrotum

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increased volume of blood in affected part of the body

A

Hyperemia and Congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

active process of engorgement with bright red, oxygenated blood recruited by signals from affected sites

A

Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dilation of arteries due to

inflammation, increased metabolic activity (delivery of more blood “on demand” of a working tissue)

A

Physiologic (functional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

passive process of tissue engorgement with bluish, poorly oxygenated blood

A

Congestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

due to impaired venous flow

A

Pathologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reduction in arterial blood supply (oxygen and nutrients) to a tissue or body part

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
Arterial Obstruction
Venous Obstruction
Vasoconstriction 
External Pressure
Heart Failure
A

Ischemia Etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Accumulation of metabolic wastes
Pain
Atrophy
Tissue Damage > Tissue necrosis (infarct)

A

Ischemia Effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Necrosis of tissue due to interference in blood supply to that tissue, usually follows ischemia.
Organs most often affected-spleen, kidneys, lungs, brain & heart

A

Infarction (Ischemia Necrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

area of cell death (necrosis) resulting from anoxia caused by

  • blockage of the coronary artery (usually left branch) by arteriosclerosis or a blood clot
  • disruption of venous drainage (accumulation f wastes)
A

Myocardial Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

means hardening

A

Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls partly due to deposition of calcium; most often cause by atherosclerosis
-Can restrict blood flow

A

Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hardening of the arteries due to build up of waxy plaque inside of blood vessels
-Can restrict blood flow

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

caused by formation or presence of thrombus.

an attached solid mass or blood clot made up of blood cells.

A

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Injury or diseases of blood vessel wall
  • Reduced rate of blood flow
  • Blood diseases
  • Alterations in blood composition
A

Thrombosis Etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel; thrombus may dislodge

A

Partial Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

blockage of a blood vessel, with ischemia & infarction

A

Obstruction Thrombosis (total=complete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

infected, very dangerous

A

Septic Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

not infected

A

Aseptic Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

thrombi that can resolve on their own

A

Tiny Thrombi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thrombi that may grow; be surrounded by fibrous tissue and my become obstructive or become an emboli

A

Large Thrombi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

thrombi dissolve without further damage (small thrombi)

A

Resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

mineral salts accumulate around thrombus, may become obstructive

A

Calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

pieces of thrombus dislodge and mover through the bloodstream

A

Fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

septic (infected) thrombus; fragments move though bloodstream > spread infection and may block small blood vessels.

A

Septic Softening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

new blood capillaries form around to bypass the thrombus.

A

Canalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

reduction in arterial blood (oxygen) supply.

A

Ischemia (Thrombosis consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

abnormal venous drainage

A

Passive Hyperemia (Thrombosis consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

death of tissue with loss of vascular supply, may be followed by bacterial infection.

A

Gangrene (Thrombosis consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

tissue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying the area.

A

Infarction (Thrombosis consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

presence of bacteria in blood from a septic thrombus

A

Bacterema (Thrombosis consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

caused by formation of solid or gaseous object floating free in the bloodstream.

A

Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  • Fragments of thrombi
  • Clumps of bacteria
  • Fragmented tumor cells
  • Animal Parasites
  • Fat, gas (air)
  • Foreign bodies-chemicals
A

Types of Embolisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

if blockage occurs

A

Ischemia (Embolism consequences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

if ischemia occurs

A

Infarction (Embolism consequences)

44
Q

if embolus, may be infected

A

Gangrene (Embolism consequences)

45
Q

Spread of infection (septic embolus)

Spread of tumor cells

A

Spread Embolism consequences

46
Q

Necrosis

A

Embolism consequences

47
Q

loss of blood from the vascular system

A

Hemorrhage

48
Q

small tissue damage, visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
-Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

A

Petechia

49
Q

larger tissue damage (greater than 1 cm), in muccous membrane or skin.

A

Ecchymosis

50
Q

large collection of blood (tumor-like swelling); usually due to trauma

A

Hematoma

51
Q

bleeding form the nose

A

Epistaxis

52
Q

blood in sputum

A

Hemoptysis

53
Q

vomiting of blood

A

Hematemesis

54
Q

blood in pericardial cavity

A

Hemopericardium

55
Q

blood in thoracic cavity

A

Hemothorax

56
Q

blood in abdominal cavity

A

Hemoperitoneum

57
Q

blood in stool

A

Melena

58
Q

red blood cells in urine

A

Hematuria

59
Q

loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained.

A

Exsanguination

60
Q

condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues.

A

Shock (Circulatory Collapse=Failure)

61
Q

low blood flow through blood vessels

A

Hypo Perfusion

62
Q

reduced cardiac output

A

Inadequate pumping by the Heart

63
Q
  • bacterial infections, overwhelming bacterial sepsis
  • heat, cold, or burns
  • radiation or posioning
  • severe hemorrhage
  • catastrophic allergic reaction
  • server myocardial infarction
  • trauma with extensive soft tissue damage
A

Circulatory Shock Etiology

64
Q

from myocardial infarction or other myocardial disease.

A

Cardiogenic Shock (heart failure)

65
Q

under filled blood vessels, usually due to hemorrhage, burns, severe diarrhea or vasodilation

A

Hypovolemic Shock (low volume)

66
Q

Severe allergic reaction

A

Vasodilation

67
Q

from systemic bacterial infection (sepsis) by organisms that release bacterial endotoxins.

A

Septic shock (infection)

68
Q

necrosis (death) of tissue, usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply.

A

Gangrene

69
Q

arteries are obstructed

A

Dry (ischemic necrosis) Gangrene

70
Q

impaired venous drainage

A

Moist (wet) Gangrene

71
Q

bacterium Clostridium perfringes

A

Gas Gangrene

72
Q

decrease in total volume of body fluids.

A

Dehydration

73
Q
  • Hemorrhage
  • Fever
  • High Environmental Temperature
  • Diabetes
  • Kidney or Adrenal Disease
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diarrhea or Vomiting
A

Dehydration Etiology

74
Q

total fluid and electrolye loss > dry skin and mucous membranes, opaque sticky organ surfaces, vascular collapse, brain, heart and kidney damage

A

Dehydration Results

75
Q

Acidosis or Alkalosis with effects on

  • nervous system
  • respiratory system
A

Dehydration Leading to

76
Q

increase in whole body blood volume.

A

Plethora

77
Q

may lead to syncope (cessation of circulation)

A

Diminished Circulation

78
Q

localized accumulation of pus

A

Abscess

79
Q

escape of blood from vascular system

A

Hemorrhage

80
Q

loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem

A

Dehydration

81
Q

excessive body wasting, usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition

A

Emaciation

82
Q

purple because of high content of blood (pull of gravity)

A

Discoloration

83
Q

pus in the pleural cavity

A

Empyema

84
Q

prefix meaning in

A

En

85
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

Encephalitis

86
Q

prefix meaning within

A

Endo

87
Q

inflammation of the endocardium, or lining membrane of the heart. It may involve only the membrane covering the valves or the general lining of the chambers of the heart.

A

Endocarditis

88
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri

A

Endocervicitis

89
Q

the ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue or its diffuse inplantation or infiltration in the myometrium

A

Endometriosis

90
Q

produced or arising from within a cell or organism

A

Endogenous Infection

91
Q

a thick-walled spore within a bacterium

A

Endospores

92
Q

Bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria

A

Endotoxin

93
Q

inflammation of the intestine

A

Enteritis

94
Q

prefix meaning intestine

A

Entero

95
Q

prefix meaning upon

A

Epi

96
Q

a disease that is currently in higher than normal numbers

A

Epidemic

97
Q

a chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and frequently by convulsions

A

Epilepsy

98
Q

bleeding from the nose

A

Epistaxis

99
Q

inflammation of the esophagus

A

Esophagitis

100
Q

suffix meaning sensation

A

Esthesia

101
Q

the study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

102
Q

prefix meaning out of

A

Ex

103
Q

increase in severity of a disease

A

Exacerbation

104
Q

origination outside an organ or part

A

Exogenous Infection

105
Q

a toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium, general protein in nature.

A

Exotoxin

106
Q

increase in severity of a disease

A

Exsanguination

107
Q

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

A

Exsanguination

Physiological Pathology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions