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Physiological Pathology > Unit 1: Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease > Flashcards

Unit 1: Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology: the study of _______ and _______ of disease, which involves changes in body ______ and ________.

A

nature, causes, structure, function

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2
Q

Importance of pathology to the Funeral Service Professional:

  • Discover the ________ (cause) and __________(natural history and development) of disease.
  • Understand ________ terminology
A

etiology, pathogenesis

medical

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3
Q

Importance of pathology to the Funeral Service Professional:

  • Emphasize potential ______ hazards & _______ to embalmer (protect from decay) from certain diseases.
  • Understand ________ techniques & _________.
  • Understand the importance of medical ____________.
A

health, complications
autopsy, benefits
research

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4
Q

Divisions of Pathology:

  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ (forensic) Pathology
A 
Anatomic
Surgical
Clinical
Physiological 
Medicolegal
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5
Q

Anatomic Pathology (____________) deals with ________ changes in disease.

  • _______ pathology
  • _______ pathology
A

morbid anatomy, structural
Gross
Microscopic

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6
Q

Gross Pathology: study of changes in body _______ that results from _________ and are readily seen with the _______ eye.
Example: ________

A

structures, disease, naked

autopsy

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7
Q 
Microscopic Pathology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_): study of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes that \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_ undergo as a result of disease.
Example: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Histopathology, microscopic, cells, tissues, organs

biopsy

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8
Q

Surgical Pathology: study of _______________ excised ________ in a major or minor operation.

A

tissue specimens, surgically

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9
Q

Clinical Pathology: study of disease by means of body ________, _________ and other body _____ (tissues, blood, urine) performed in the laboratory in the _______ and ________ of a disease.

A

secretions, excretions, fluids, diagnosis, treatment

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10
Q

Physiological Pathology (______________): study of changes in _________ processes (______________) due to disease.

A

pathophysiology, physiological, body functions

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11
Q

Medicolegal (__________) pathology: study of disease to ascertain _______ and ______ of death, concerned with ________ and ________; without regard to any particular ______ or _____; may use autopsy to determine cause of death.

A

forensic, cause, manner, accidents, homicides, organ, system

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12
Q

General Pathology: deals with study of _________ processes of disease such as __________, __________, ________, or ___________, _________ without reference to particular tissue, organ or system of organs.

A

widespread, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, cellular death, repair

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13
Q

Special Pathology: deals with ________ features of disease in relation to particular ______, _____, or __________________.

A

particular, tissue, organ, system of organs

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14
Q

Autopsy (_________=__________): an ____________ (postmortem) examination of the body _______ and ________ to determine cause of death or ____________ conditions

A

Necropsy, Necroscopy, after-death, organs, tissues, pathological

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15
Q

Importance of an Autopsy (____________):

  • _______, ________, ______ or _________ clinical diagnosis.
  • ________ medical knowledge and _________.
A

Necropsy
Confirm, amplify, reject, alter
Advance, research

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16
Q

Importance of an Autopsy (____________):

  • Assist in ___________ cases to determine ____________ of deceased, _______ and ________ of death.
  • ________ concerns of “family members”
A

Necropsy
medico-legal, identification, cause, manner
Alleviate

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17
Q

Coroner: a ____________ of a special court or a _______________ or an officer of _____ responsible for __________ of a dead body, _____________ deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances.

A

public officer, medical officer, law, identification, investigating

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18
Q

Importance of Coroner:

  • American coroners are almost always ______ of the state government or of the local county government.
  • Usually ____ a medical doctor.
  • In some places (_____________________), the local funeral director held the post of a coroner.
A

officials
NOT
particularly rural areas

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19
Q

Medical Examiner: a physician (____________) officially authorized by the ___________.

A

medical doctor, government

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20
Q

Importance of Medical Examiner:

  • Specialist in ________ or _________ medicine.
  • To ascertain ________ of deaths, especially those not occurring under ________ circumstances.
A

pathology, forensic

causes, natural

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21
Q

Importance of Medical Examiner:

  • To examine ______________ of a particular firm or applicants for _______________.
  • In some jurisdictions, a medical examiner must be both a ________ and _________.
  • May use ____________ or ____________ tests.
A

employees, life insurance
doctor, lawyer
microbiological, toxicology

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22
Q

Nature: essential _________ or ____________ by which something is recognized.

A

qualities, characteristics

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23
Q

Disease: state of functional ___________ change in _________ or ____________ (at organ or system level) that is considered to be abnormal.

  • Resulting from __________, ____________, _____________ or ______
  • Characterized by signs or symptoms
A

disequilibrium, function, structure

infection, genetic defect, environmental factors, stress

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24
Q

Acute: ________ onset and ______ duration.

A

rapid, short

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25
Chronic: ______ onset and ______ duration.
slow, long
26
Virchow's Concept of Disease: - A disease starts at the ______ level > _______ > the ______ body. Severity depends on which ____ are _______ and the ____________ of other organs to the __________ organ.
cell, organs, whole | organs, diseased, interdependence, diseased
27
Vital Organs: | Include the ______, _____, ______, _____, _____, _______, _______, ____________ tract
heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal
28
Pathogenesis: the manner in which a disease _________. ( __________ history and _________)
develops, natural, development
29
Lesion: any _________ changes in tissues produced by _______.
structural, disease
30
Diagnosis: identifying the ________ and _________ of a disease or _________ through evaluation of patient _______, ______________, and ________ data
nature, cause, injury, history, examination, laboratory
31
Prognosis: _______ of the outcome of a disease.
prediction
32
Symptoms- ______________ disturbances caused by disease that are _____ or ________ by patient but not directly ___________ Example: pain, headache
subjective, felt, experienced, measurable
33
Signs: __________ disturbances produced by disease, observed by ________, _______ or person attending patient. Example: pulse, fever, heart rate
objective, physician, nurse
34
Syndrome: set of clinical _______, _________, ____________ findings and __________ disturbances indicating the presence of a disease or ________ abnormality. Example: Cushing syndrome, Down's syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
signs, symptoms, laboratory, physiological, inherited.
35
Cushing Syndrome: results from excess ______ (due to medical _________) _______ hyperplasia, or __________ tumor
steroids, treatments, adrenal, pituitary
36
Fulminating: having ______ and _______ onset, usually _______.
rapid, severe, fatal
37
Exacerbation: increase in ________ of a disease.
severity
38
Remission (___________): temporary __________ of symptoms of disease.
abatement, cessation
39
Recurrence (______): reappearance of ________ after a period of _________.
relapse, symptoms, remission
40
Complication: __________ condition arising during the course of disease.
unfavorable
41
Sequel: ______ of a particular disease. Example: paralysis of polio
aftermath
42
Heredity: ________ transmitted from _____ to _________
genetic, parent, offspring
43
Congenital: present at _____ or shortly after.
birth
44
Acquired: present ____ birth
after
45
Idiopathic: of _________ cause
unknown
46
Iatrogenic: results from a __________ treatment. Example: anemia after chemotherapy
prescribed
47
Nosocomial: ________ acquired in a hospital.
infection
48
Stabbing: an example of _____ force injury.
sharp
49
Deficiency: Disease due to lack of _______ or ________ substance.
dietary, metabolic
50
Infection: cause by _____________, and may be _________ person to person or ______ to person.
microorganism, transmitted, animal
51
Communicable: a disease that may be transmitted ________ or ________ from one individual to another.
directly, indirectly
52
Allergies: __________ to a substance that does not ______ cause a reaction.
hypersensitivity, normally
53
Febrile: term associated to ______.
fever
54
Occupational: a disease with an ___________ high rate of __________ in members of the workplace.
abnormally, occurrence
55
Intoxication: state of being _______ by a drug or ____ substance; chemical poisoning.
poisoned, toxic
56
Infestation: harboring of animal _________ especially ___________ forms. Such as ticks, mosquitoes
parasites, macroscopic
57
Functional: a ___________ or disease in which there is _________ in function (no _________)
condition, impairment, structure
58
Organic (____________): a _________ or disease in which there is a ______ in anatomy.
structural, condition, change
59
Endemic: disease that occurs ____________ in particular ________, has ____ mortality. Example: measles
continuously, population, low
60
Epidemic: appearance of __________ disease or condition that attacks many people at the same _____ and same ________ area.
infectious, time, geographical
61
Pandemic: ________, widespread, _____________ event.
epidemic, worldwide
62
Sporadic: disease that occurs ______________ in a _________ or _______ manner.
occasionally, random, isolated
63
Prevalence: number of _______ of a disease occurring at a ______ time in a specific _____________.
cases, given, population
64
Mortality: number of _______ attributed to a disease in given __________ over a given time.
deaths, population
65
Morbidity: measure of _______ and extend of ________ cause by a disease in a given population over a given time.
disability, illness
66
Predisposing Factor: conditions that makes one more _____________ to disease. - ______ - ______ - ______ - ______
``` susceptible Age Race Genetics Gender ```
67
Predisposing (____) Factors: - ____________ - ____________ - ____________ - ____________ - ____________
``` Risk Occupational Intoxication Infestation Functional Organic Others ```
68
``` Etiology (_______) of Disease: Exogenous: - ___________ - ___________ - ___________ ```
cause Physical Agents Chemical Agents Biological Agents
69
``` Etiology (_______) of Disease: Exogenous: Physical Agents - ___________ - ___________ - ___________ ```
cause, mechanical thermal radiation
70
``` Etiology (________) of Disease: Endogenous - __________ - __________ - __________ - __________ ```
``` cause Physiological Immunological Genetic Deficiency of essential substances ```
71
``` Etiology (_________) of Disease: Endogenous: Immuological - ____________ - ____________ - ____________ - ____________ ```
Inflammation Allergies Autoimmune Immune Deficiencies
72
Etiology (________) of Disease: -Exciting causes of disease- _________: _________ produce disease, or _____ the action of predisposing causes.
cause Acute causes Immediately excite
73
Etiology (______) of Disease: -Basic Cause of Death: entity ________ for death at the time of the _______ event or prior to and ________ to the terminal event.
cause responsible terminal leading
74
A- Prefix means _____ or ____.
without, not
75
Abatement- ______ in, such as in pain
decrease
76
Abrasion- an ________, a _________ removal of the _______ of skin or mucous membrane
excoriation, circumscribed, epidermis
77
Abscess- localized __________ of pus
accumulation
78
Acapnia- a marked _______ in blood _______________ content.
decrease, carbon dioxide
79
Acidosis- condition in which there is an _____________ proportion of ____ in the blood.
excessive, acid
80
Acquired-presents itself _____ birth.
after
81
Acquired Disease- a disease which is not ___________, but has developed _____ birth
congenital, since
82
Acro-prefix means ______,
extremity
83
Acromegaly- _______ of the ________ gland after ________ has been completed.
hypertension, pituitary, ossification
84
Acute- a disease with a more or less ______ onset and _____ duration.
rapid, short
85
Adeno- prefix meaning ______.
gland
86
Adenoma-a _______ formed by ________ epithelium.
neoplasm, glandular
87
Algia- suffix meaning _____.
pain
88
Alkalosis- condition in which there is an _________ proportion of ______ in the blood.
excessive, alkali
89
Allergies- having a ____________ to a substance that does not ______ cause a reaction.
hypersensitivity, normally
90
Alzheimer's Disease: a _________ dementia occurring in usually in persons over 60 years of age, thought to be associated with __________ degeneration.
pre-senile, neurofibril
91
Amelia- ___________ absence of one or more limbs.
congenital
92
An- prefix meaning _________
without
93
Anasarca- generalized massive _______ in ____________ tissue.
edema, subcutaneous
94
Anemia- a _________ in the number of _____________, hemoglobin or both.
erythrocytes
95
Aneurysm- a localized ________ of ____________.
dilation, blood vessels
96
Angio- suffix meaning ______.
vessel
97
Angioma-a _______ or ______ due to dilation of the blood vessels (___________) or lymphatics (__________)
hemangioma, lymphangioma
98
Anoxia- ______ blood oxygen supplies to tissues.
deficient
99
Aplasia- ________ absence of an _____ or other part. In hematology, _______ or ______ development or a ______ of regeneration.
congenital, organ, incomplete, defective, cessation

Physiological Pathology (8 decks)

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