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Physiological Pathology > Unit 1: Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease > Flashcards

Unit 1: Divisions of Pathology, Terminology, Nature & Etiology of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology: the study of _______ and _______ of disease, which involves changes in body ______ and ________.

A

nature, causes, structure, function

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2
Q

Importance of pathology to the Funeral Service Professional:

  • Discover the ________ (cause) and __________(natural history and development) of disease.
  • Understand ________ terminology
A

etiology, pathogenesis

medical

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3
Q

Importance of pathology to the Funeral Service Professional:

  • Emphasize potential ______ hazards & _______ to embalmer (protect from decay) from certain diseases.
  • Understand ________ techniques & _________.
  • Understand the importance of medical ____________.
A

health, complications
autopsy, benefits
research

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4
Q

Divisions of Pathology:

  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ Pathology
  • _________ (forensic) Pathology
A 
Anatomic
Surgical
Clinical
Physiological 
Medicolegal
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5
Q

Anatomic Pathology (____________) deals with ________ changes in disease.

  • _______ pathology
  • _______ pathology
A

morbid anatomy, structural
Gross
Microscopic

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6
Q

Gross Pathology: study of changes in body _______ that results from _________ and are readily seen with the _______ eye.
Example: ________

A

structures, disease, naked

autopsy

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7
Q 
Microscopic Pathology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_): study of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ changes that \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_ undergo as a result of disease.
Example: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Histopathology, microscopic, cells, tissues, organs

biopsy

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8
Q

Surgical Pathology: study of _______________ excised ________ in a major or minor operation.

A

tissue specimens, surgically

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9
Q

Clinical Pathology: study of disease by means of body ________, _________ and other body _____ (tissues, blood, urine) performed in the laboratory in the _______ and ________ of a disease.

A

secretions, excretions, fluids, diagnosis, treatment

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10
Q

Physiological Pathology (______________): study of changes in _________ processes (______________) due to disease.

A

pathophysiology, physiological, body functions

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11
Q

Medicolegal (__________) pathology: study of disease to ascertain _______ and ______ of death, concerned with ________ and ________; without regard to any particular ______ or _____; may use autopsy to determine cause of death.

A

forensic, cause, manner, accidents, homicides, organ, system

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12
Q

General Pathology: deals with study of _________ processes of disease such as __________, __________, ________, or ___________, _________ without reference to particular tissue, organ or system of organs.

A

widespread, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, cellular death, repair

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13
Q

Special Pathology: deals with ________ features of disease in relation to particular ______, _____, or __________________.

A

particular, tissue, organ, system of organs

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14
Q

Autopsy (_________=__________): an ____________ (postmortem) examination of the body _______ and ________ to determine cause of death or ____________ conditions

A

Necropsy, Necroscopy, after-death, organs, tissues, pathological

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15
Q

Importance of an Autopsy (____________):

  • _______, ________, ______ or _________ clinical diagnosis.
  • ________ medical knowledge and _________.
A

Necropsy
Confirm, amplify, reject, alter
Advance, research

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16
Q

Importance of an Autopsy (____________):

  • Assist in ___________ cases to determine ____________ of deceased, _______ and ________ of death.
  • ________ concerns of “family members”
A

Necropsy
medico-legal, identification, cause, manner
Alleviate

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17
Q

Coroner: a ____________ of a special court or a _______________ or an officer of _____ responsible for __________ of a dead body, _____________ deaths, particularly those happening under unusual circumstances.

A

public officer, medical officer, law, identification, investigating

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18
Q

Importance of Coroner:

  • American coroners are almost always ______ of the state government or of the local county government.
  • Usually ____ a medical doctor.
  • In some places (_____________________), the local funeral director held the post of a coroner.
A

officials
NOT
particularly rural areas

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19
Q

Medical Examiner: a physician (____________) officially authorized by the ___________.

A

medical doctor, government

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20
Q

Importance of Medical Examiner:

  • Specialist in ________ or _________ medicine.
  • To ascertain ________ of deaths, especially those not occurring under ________ circumstances.
A

pathology, forensic

causes, natural

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21
Q

Importance of Medical Examiner:

  • To examine ______________ of a particular firm or applicants for _______________.
  • In some jurisdictions, a medical examiner must be both a ________ and _________.
  • May use ____________ or ____________ tests.
A

employees, life insurance
doctor, lawyer
microbiological, toxicology

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22
Q

Nature: essential _________ or ____________ by which something is recognized.

A

qualities, characteristics

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23
Q

Disease: state of functional ___________ change in _________ or ____________ (at organ or system level) that is considered to be abnormal.

  • Resulting from __________, ____________, _____________ or ______
  • Characterized by signs or symptoms
A

disequilibrium, function, structure

infection, genetic defect, environmental factors, stress

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24
Q

Acute: ________ onset and ______ duration.

A

rapid, short

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25
Q

Chronic: ______ onset and ______ duration.

A

slow, long

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26
Q

Virchow’s Concept of Disease:
- A disease starts at the ______ level > _______ > the ______ body.
Severity depends on which ____ are _______ and the ____________ of other organs to the __________ organ.

A

cell, organs, whole

organs, diseased, interdependence, diseased

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27
Q

Vital Organs:

Include the ______, _____, ______, _____, _____, _______, _______, ____________ tract

A

heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal

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28
Q

Pathogenesis: the manner in which a disease _________. ( __________ history and _________)

A

develops, natural, development

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29
Q

Lesion: any _________ changes in tissues produced by _______.

A

structural, disease

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30
Q

Diagnosis: identifying the ________ and _________ of a disease or _________ through evaluation of patient _______, ______________, and ________ data

A

nature, cause, injury, history, examination, laboratory

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31
Q

Prognosis: _______ of the outcome of a disease.

A

prediction

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32
Q

Symptoms- ______________ disturbances caused by disease that are _____ or ________ by patient but not directly ___________
Example: pain, headache

A

subjective, felt, experienced, measurable

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33
Q

Signs: __________ disturbances produced by disease, observed by ________, _______ or person attending patient.
Example: pulse, fever, heart rate

A

objective, physician, nurse

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34
Q

Syndrome: set of clinical _______, _________, ____________ findings and __________ disturbances indicating the presence of a disease or ________ abnormality.
Example: Cushing syndrome, Down’s syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

A

signs, symptoms, laboratory, physiological, inherited.

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35
Q

Cushing Syndrome: results from excess ______ (due to medical _________) _______ hyperplasia, or __________ tumor

A

steroids, treatments, adrenal, pituitary

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36
Q

Fulminating: having ______ and _______ onset, usually _______.

A

rapid, severe, fatal

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37
Q

Exacerbation: increase in ________ of a disease.

A

severity

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38
Q

Remission (___________): temporary __________ of symptoms of disease.

A

abatement, cessation

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39
Q

Recurrence (______): reappearance of ________ after a period of _________.

A

relapse, symptoms, remission

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40
Q

Complication: __________ condition arising during the course of disease.

A

unfavorable

41
Q

Sequel: ______ of a particular disease.
Example: paralysis of polio

A

aftermath

42
Q

Heredity: ________ transmitted from _____ to _________

A

genetic, parent, offspring

43
Q

Congenital: present at _____ or shortly after.

A

birth

44
Q

Acquired: present ____ birth

A

after

45
Q

Idiopathic: of _________ cause

A

unknown

46
Q

Iatrogenic: results from a __________ treatment.
Example: anemia after chemotherapy

A

prescribed

47
Q

Nosocomial: ________ acquired in a hospital.

A

infection

48
Q

Stabbing: an example of _____ force injury.

A

sharp

49
Q

Deficiency: Disease due to lack of _______ or ________ substance.

A

dietary, metabolic

50
Q

Infection: cause by _____________, and may be _________ person to person or ______ to person.

A

microorganism, transmitted, animal

51
Q

Communicable: a disease that may be transmitted ________ or ________ from one individual to another.

A

directly, indirectly

52
Q

Allergies: __________ to a substance that does not ______ cause a reaction.

A

hypersensitivity, normally

53
Q

Febrile: term associated to ______.

A

fever

54
Q

Occupational: a disease with an ___________ high rate of __________ in members of the workplace.

A

abnormally, occurrence

55
Q

Intoxication: state of being _______ by a drug or ____ substance; chemical poisoning.

A

poisoned, toxic

56
Q

Infestation: harboring of animal _________ especially ___________ forms.
Such as ticks, mosquitoes

A

parasites, macroscopic

57
Q

Functional: a ___________ or disease in which there is _________ in function (no _________)

A

condition, impairment, structure

58
Q

Organic (____________): a _________ or disease in which there is a ______ in anatomy.

A

structural, condition, change

59
Q

Endemic: disease that occurs ____________ in particular ________, has ____ mortality.
Example: measles

A

continuously, population, low

60
Q

Epidemic: appearance of __________ disease or condition that attacks many people at the same _____ and same ________ area.

A

infectious, time, geographical

61
Q

Pandemic: ________, widespread, _____________ event.

A

epidemic, worldwide

62
Q

Sporadic: disease that occurs ______________ in a _________ or _______ manner.

A

occasionally, random, isolated

63
Q

Prevalence: number of _______ of a disease occurring at a ______ time in a specific _____________.

A

cases, given, population

64
Q

Mortality: number of _______ attributed to a disease in given __________ over a given time.

A

deaths, population

65
Q

Morbidity: measure of _______ and extend of ________ cause by a disease in a given population over a given time.

A

disability, illness

66
Q

Predisposing Factor: conditions that makes one more _____________ to disease.

  • ______
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______
A 
susceptible
Age
Race
Genetics
Gender
67
Q

Predisposing (____) Factors:

  • ____________
  • ____________
  • ____________
  • ____________
  • ____________
A 
Risk
Occupational
Intoxication
Infestation
Functional
Organic
Others
68
Q 
Etiology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) of Disease: 
Exogenous: 
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

cause
Physical Agents
Chemical Agents
Biological Agents

69
Q 
Etiology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) of Disease: 
Exogenous: Physical Agents
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

cause,
mechanical
thermal
radiation

70
Q 
Etiology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) of Disease: 
Endogenous
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
cause
Physiological
Immunological
Genetic
Deficiency of essential substances
71
Q 
Etiology (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) of Disease:
Endogenous: Immuological
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Inflammation
Allergies
Autoimmune
Immune Deficiencies

72
Q

Etiology (________) of Disease:
-Exciting causes of disease-
_________:
_________ produce disease, or _____ the action of predisposing causes.

A

cause
Acute causes
Immediately
excite

73
Q

Etiology (______) of Disease:
-Basic Cause of Death: entity ________ for death at the time of the _______ event or prior to and ________ to the terminal event.

A

cause
responsible
terminal
leading

74
Q

A- Prefix means _____ or ____.

A

without, not

75
Q

Abatement- ______ in, such as in pain

A

decrease

76
Q

Abrasion- an ________, a _________ removal of the _______ of skin or mucous membrane

A

excoriation, circumscribed, epidermis

77
Q

Abscess- localized __________ of pus

A

accumulation

78
Q

Acapnia- a marked _______ in blood _______________ content.

A

decrease, carbon dioxide

79
Q

Acidosis- condition in which there is an _____________ proportion of ____ in the blood.

A

excessive, acid

80
Q

Acquired-presents itself _____ birth.

A

after

81
Q

Acquired Disease- a disease which is not ___________, but has developed _____ birth

A

congenital, since

82
Q

Acro-prefix means ______,

A

extremity

83
Q

Acromegaly- _______ of the ________ gland after ________ has been completed.

A

hypertension, pituitary, ossification

84
Q

Acute- a disease with a more or less ______ onset and _____ duration.

A

rapid, short

85
Q

Adeno- prefix meaning ______.

A

gland

86
Q

Adenoma-a _______ formed by ________ epithelium.

A

neoplasm, glandular

87
Q

Algia- suffix meaning _____.

A

pain

88
Q

Alkalosis- condition in which there is an _________ proportion of ______ in the blood.

A

excessive, alkali

89
Q

Allergies- having a ____________ to a substance that does not ______ cause a reaction.

A

hypersensitivity, normally

90
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease: a _________ dementia occurring in usually in persons over 60 years of age, thought to be associated with __________ degeneration.

A

pre-senile, neurofibril

91
Q

Amelia- ___________ absence of one or more limbs.

A

congenital

92
Q

An- prefix meaning _________

A

without

93
Q

Anasarca- generalized massive _______ in ____________ tissue.

A

edema, subcutaneous

94
Q

Anemia- a _________ in the number of _____________, hemoglobin or both.

A

erythrocytes

95
Q

Aneurysm- a localized ________ of ____________.

A

dilation, blood vessels

96
Q

Angio- suffix meaning ______.

A

vessel

97
Q

Angioma-a _______ or ______ due to dilation of the blood vessels (___________) or lymphatics (__________)

A

hemangioma, lymphangioma

98
Q

Anoxia- ______ blood oxygen supplies to tissues.

A

deficient

99
Q

Aplasia- ________ absence of an _____ or other part. In hematology, _______ or ______ development or a ______ of regeneration.

A

congenital, organ, incomplete, defective, cessation

Physiological Pathology (8 decks)

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