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HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 > Unit 7: Nationalism and the Age of Jackson > Flashcards

Unit 7: Nationalism and the Age of Jackson Flashcards

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1
Q

I. Sectionalism and Nationalism

A

A. The Growing Economy
B. Effects of the Westward Expansion
C. The Missouri Controversy: The Tallmadge Proposal
D. The Missouri Compromise
E. John Marshall and the Court
F. Events in Latin America
G. The Monroe Doctrine
H. Implications of the Monroe Doctrine

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2
Q

A. The Growing Economy

A
  1. 2nd bank of the U.S
  2. Growth of Textile Industry
  3. Productive Tariff
  4. Growth of Cotton Plantations
  5. Trade, Trapping in the Far West
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3
Q

B. Effects of the Westward Expansion

A
  1. Positive Economic Effect
  2. Slave vs Free Controversy helps lead to Civil War
  3. Increase in Cultural Diversity
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4
Q

C. The Missouri Controversy: The Tallmadge Proposal

A
  1. Prohibited further introduction of slaves into Missouri
  2. Gradual emancipation of existing slaves
  3. Slavery Problems (3 ways)
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5
Q

The Missouri Controversy: Slavery Problems

A

a. Slavery already firmly established in the Missouri Territory
b. This would upset the balance between free and slave states
c. Slavery debate as a “moral wrong” now raged out in open for decades

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6
Q

D. The Missouri Compromise

A
  1. Missouri admitted with no anti-slavery restrictions (Slavery allowed)
  2. Maine admitted as a free state
  3. Rest of L.A Purchase: No Slavery north of 36/30
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7
Q

E. John Marshall and the Court

A
  1. Strengthened judicial at the expense of the execute and leg branches
  2. Increase fed. gov’t power of the expense of state gov’t
  3. Advanced interests of Propertied
  4. Strengthened broad construction
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8
Q

F. Events in Latin America

A

Expand into South America continent

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9
Q

G. The Monroe Doctrine

A
  1. American continent closed to European colonization
  2. U.S would view any attack on the West Hemisphere as an attack on itself
  3. U.S pledged non-interference in internal European affairs
  4. U.S to stay out of European
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10
Q

H. Implications of the Monroe Doctrine

A
  1. U.S would fight to keep Europeans out
  2. U.S a “guarantor” of Latin American independence
  3. U.S now committed to major role in world politics
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11
Q

II. The Revival of Opposition

A

A. The Electionof 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
B. John Quincy Adams as President (National Republican)
C. Andrew Jackson Elected in 1828

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12
Q

A. The Electionof 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”

A
  1. Overthrow of “King Caucus”
  2. John Quincy Adams
  3. Henry Clay and the American System
  4. Andrew Jackson
  5. The “Deal”
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13
Q
  1. Overthrow of King Caucus: Major Candidates
A

Nomination by state legislature and mass meeting

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14
Q
  1. Henry Clay and the American System
A

a. Protectionism: high tariffs
b. Strengthen the National Bank
c. Finance Internal Improvement

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15
Q
  1. The “Deal:”
A

a. Adams wins with Clay’s endorsement
b. Adams names Clay Secretary of State

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16
Q

B. John Quincy Adams as President (National Republican)

A
  1. “Deal” tainted his presidency
  2. “Minority President”
  3. Diplomatic Setback: Panama Conference
  4. Domestic Setback: Georgia Creek
  5. Tariff of Abominations, 1828
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17
Q

C. Andrew Jackson Elected in 1828

A
  1. Re-emergence of two party system
  2. Election Personal and Bitter
  3. Jackson’s Victory Decisive, but Sectional
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18
Q

III. The Rise of Mass Politics

A

A. The Expanding Electorate
B. Legitimization of the Two-Party System
C. Jackson: President of the “Common Man”

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19
Q

A. The Expanding Electorate

A
  1. Broadening the Franchise:
  2. The Dorr Rebellion:
  3. Presidential electors chosen by people, not legislature
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20
Q
  1. Broadening the Franchise:
A

All adult white males could vote, hold offices

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21
Q
  1. The Dorr Rebellion:
A

Set up a competing government when R.I barred 50% of voters

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22
Q

B. Legitimization of the Two-Party System

A
  1. Consensus
  2. Goal of Leadership
  3. Permanent Opposition Crucial
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23
Q
  1. Consensus
A

Parties essential to democracy

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24
Q
  1. Goal of Leadership
A

Preserve the party through favors, rewards

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25
Q

C. Jackson: President of the “Common Man”

A
  1. Theory of Democracy
  2. The “Spoils System”
  3. Rise of the National Party Convention
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26
Q
  1. Theory of Democracy
A

Equal benefits to white males, favoring no region class

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27
Q
  1. The “Spoils System”
A

Rewards party faithful with offices
a. Target entrenched office holders
b. Right of elected to appoint followers

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28
Q

IV. The Federal Union

A

A. Calhoun and Nullification
B. The Rise of Martin Van Buren (Democrat)
C. The Webster-Hayne Debate
D. The Nullification Crisis, 1832

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29
Q

A. Calhoun and Nullification

A
  1. South Carolina: Angry over tariffs, talk of secessions
  2. States created Fed Gov’t; states; then, final judges on constitutionally
  3. States could nullify federal law if deemed to be unconstitutional
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30
Q

B. The Rise of Martin Van Buren (Democrat)

A

The Peggy O’Neale/Eaton Affair

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31
Q

C. The Webster-Hayne Debate:

A

States rights vs Federal Supremacy

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32
Q

C. The Webster-Hayne Debate: States rights vs Federal Supremacy

A
  1. Hayne
  2. Challenged by Webster, Hayne defends Nullification
  3. Webster’s 2nd Reply
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33
Q
  1. Hayne
A

South and West victims of N.E: hinted as rebellion secession

34
Q
  1. Webster’s “2nd Reply”
A

Defends Federal Supremacy

35
Q

D. The Nullification Crisis, 1832

A
  1. At Issue
  2. South Carolina
  3. Jackson
  4. Force Bill
  5. Henry Clay and Compromise
36
Q
  1. At Issue
A

Proposed new tariff of 1832

37
Q
  1. S.C
A

Votes to Nullify

38
Q
  1. Jackson:
A

Nullification is Treason

39
Q
  1. Force Bill:
A

Military would force duty collection

40
Q
  1. Henry Clay and Compromise
A

Gradual tariff reduction until 1842

41
Q

V. The Removal of Native American Tribes

A

A. White Attitudes/Native American Reactions
B. The Black Hawk War
C. The Five “Civilized Tribes”

42
Q

A. White Attitudes/Native American Reactions

A
  1. Paternalization disappearing:
  2. Whites:
  3. Federal government had sole authority to deal with Native American land matter
  4. Native American unified in larger tribal groups out of self-defense
43
Q
  1. Paternalization disappearing
A

“Noble Savage” becomes just savage

44
Q
  1. White
A

Removal to eliminate violence, commander lands

45
Q

B. The Black Hawk War

A

page to 239

46
Q

C. The Five “Civilized Tribes”

A
  1. Agricultural societies with thriving economies
  2. Cherokees of Georgia
  3. Jackson-approval
  4. Supreme Court Cases
  5. Cherokee Resistance
47
Q
  1. Cherokees of Georgia:
A

a. Stable society: own language, constitution
b. Independent Cherokee Nation

48
Q
  1. Jackson-approval:
A

Removal Act of 1830

49
Q
  1. Supreme Court Cases:
A

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, Worcester v. Georgia, 1831-1832
a. Fed Gov’t not states to regulate Native lands

50
Q

D. The Trail of Tears and the Five-Tribes Removal

A
  1. Tribes forced to trek to new “Indian Territory” (Oklahoma)
  2. High mortality rates
  3. 1830s: Remaining 5 tribes forced to relocate
  4. Osceola and the Seminole War
51
Q

What happened in 1830s?

A

Remaining 5 tribes forced to relocate

52
Q

E. Results of Removal and the Reservation System

A
  1. Weakened the Subsistence Culture
  2. Lost of Self-Determination
  3. Co-Mingling of Tribes
  4. Further Loss of Lands
53
Q

VI. Jackson and the Bank War

A

A. Biddle’s Institution
B. Jackson’s Personal Antipathy to the Bank
C. Jackson’s Specific Objections to the Bank
D. The Opposition Plays Their Hand
E. Jackson Moves to Destroy the Bank
F. Biddle’s Reaction and Consequences of the Bank War

54
Q

A. Biddle’s Institution

A
  1. Only place gov’t could deposit funds
  2. Provided credit to businesses
  3. Issued Bank Notes
  4. Exercised restraining effect on state banks
55
Q

B. Jackson’s Personal Antipathy to the Bank

A
  1. Foreclosure of 1819
  2. Disliked speculation (“Unearned Income”)
  3. Personally owed money to the bank
  4. 2nd Bank a hotbed of Jackson’s political opposition
56
Q

C. Jackson’s Specific Objections to the Bank

A
  1. Believed it to be unconstitutional
  2. Too much concentration of power, money
  3. Objected to its “monopolistics” control
  4. Condemned foreign influences of major stockholders
  5. Favored decentralization
57
Q
  1. Favored decentralization
A

a. Reinforce local banks at expense of a national bank

58
Q

D. The Opposition Plays Their Hand

A
  1. Biddle grants financial favors to men of wealth, and power
  2. Jockeyed for political allies
  3. Applied for early Renewal of bank charter in 1832 (not up til 1836)
  4. Jackson’s Veto means 1832 Election centered on the bank issue
59
Q

E. Jackson Moves to Destroy the Bank

A
  1. Could not legally abolish the bank before the charter expired in 1836
  2. Weakened the bank by removing gov’t deposit
  3. Gov’t deposits placed in state banks or “pet banks”
60
Q

F. Biddle’s Reaction and Consequences of the Bank War

A
  1. Called in loans, raised interest rates
  2. Recession results
  3. Biddle reverses himself due to pressure from business
  4. Jackson’s victory led to fragmented and unstable banking system
61
Q

VII. Changing Face of American Politics

A

A. Personal Characteristics of the Democrats
B. Democratic Political Philosophy
C. Personal Characteristics of the Whigs
D. Whig Political Philosophy
E. The Whig “Triumverate”

62
Q

A. Personal Characteristics of the Democrats

A
  1. Western, Southern, working men, small farmers and merchants
  2. Favored common man over elitist
  3. Hostile to moral crusades
  4. Catholic, religious free-thinker
63
Q

B. Democratic Political Philosophy

A
  1. Favored a strong executive
  2. Universal Manhood Suffrage
  3. Localists
  4. Welcomed the Immigrant
  5. Opposed Economic Speculation
  6. Favored Economic Laissez-faire
64
Q

C. Personal Characteristics of the Whigs

A
  1. N.E merchants and manufacturers + wealthy southern planters
  2. Favored social/moral reform
  3. Strongly Protestants
  4. Nativistics
64
Q
  1. Nativistics
A

Hostile to the immigrant

64
Q

D. Whigs Political Philosophy

A
  1. Favored expansion of federal government
  2. Opposed “Executive Tyranny”
  3. Favored “Join Government” by leaders
  4. Saw office of presidency as passive
  5. Favored Rule by Educated Elite
  6. Nationalists in Foreign Policy
  7. Favored Economic Independence
65
Q

E. The Whig is what?

A

“Triumverate”

66
Q

VIII. The Van Buren Years

A

A. Van Buren and the Panic of 1837
B. Causes of the Depression
C. The Independent Treasury
D. The “Log Cabin” Campaign
E. Whig Frustration in Office
F. Whig Diplomacy

67
Q

A. Van Buren and the Panic of 1837

A
  1. Nationwide Economic Boom
  2. Surpluses led to reduction in National Debt
  3. Distribution Act
  4. Result in Speculative Fever (Land)
  5. Specie Circular
68
Q
  1. Distribution Act
A

Fed Gov’t returned money to states

69
Q
  1. Specie Circular
A

Jackson passes Specie Circular

70
Q

B. Causes of the Depression

A
  1. Distribution of treasury surplus weakened states banks
  2. Specie Circular
  3. European Depression
  4. Succession of Crop Failures
71
Q

C. The Independent Treasury

A
  1. Gov’t funds to be housed in an Ind. Treasury in Washington
  2. No gov’t monies in private banks
  3. Separation between Banking and Government
72
Q

D. The “Log Cabin” Campaign

A
  1. New Campaign Techniques
  2. Both parties claimed to be “Party of the Common Man”
  3. New Active Role of the Press
73
Q

E. Whig Frustration in Office

A
  1. Harrison dies, Tyler succeed
  2. Clay/Webster leadership challenged by new president
  3. Tyler alienates party leadership
  4. Tyler, conservative Whig join forces with the Democrat (Pro-Slavery)
74
Q

F. Whig Diplomacy

A
  1. The Caroline Affair
  2. The Aroostook War
  3. The Creole Affair
  4. Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
75
Q
  1. The Caroline Affair
A

American ship caught in dispute between Canada and Britain

76
Q
  1. The Aroostook War
A

Dispute over boundary between Canada and Maine

77
Q
  1. The Creole Affair
A

American slaves muting on board, England declare them free

78
Q
  1. Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
A

a. Established current border between Canada and the U.S
b. Free navigation of all bordering waters between Canada and the U.S
c. Smoothed relationship between U.S and Britain

HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 (9 decks)

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