Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 > Unit 2: The Middle Colonies & Colonial Culture > Flashcards

Unit 2: The Middle Colonies & Colonial Culture Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Remarkable Pluralism:

A

Religious and Ethnic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major Characteristics:

A
  1. Religious Liberty
  2. Democratic, egalitarian ideals
  3. Juxtaposition of rich farms, thriving commercial centers
  4. Complex economy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Economy of the Middle Colonies

A
  1. Large hinterland for exportable products
  2. Major products: wheat, flour, livestock, lumber
  3. Lucrative fur trade in Albany, New York
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conflicts in the Middle Colonies

A
  1. Pro-vs. Anti-Slavery
  2. Rural vs. Cosmopolitan: East Coast vs. the Western Frontier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Middle Colonies

A

Maryland and the Calverts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calverts

A

Personal background (1st proprietary grant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Motives in Founding Maryland

A
  1. Outlet for the energies of the Baltimores
  2. Economic Profit
  3. Reason of State: Buffer between English Jamestown and Dutch Netherland
  4. Refugee for Catholics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Powers of the Proprietor

A
  1. Title to the land: total discretion
  2. Control of the colony’s trade
  3. Complete political power
  4. Make laws, control the courts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colonization Incentives

A
  1. Headright system: land distribution
  2. Promise of true religious liberty
  3. An elected assembly: self-government
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Dutch Regime: New Netherland

A
  1. Dutch were mercantile: only commercial goals
  2. Dutch West Indies Co: Settlers only employees; no voice in government
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Patroon System

A

Anyone settling 50 adults on land would become Lord of the Manor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Consequences of the Patroon System

A
  1. Development of an aristocratic landholding system
  2. Hindered growth and development of the colony
  3. Rise of a privileged group of aristocratic land owner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Problems with the Dutch Rule of New Netherland

A
  1. English Puritans filtered in, making it hard to govern
  2. Conflicts with Native Americans (Wars in the 1640s)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conflicts with Native Americans (Wars in the 1640s)

A

a. Arrival of Peter Stuyvesant as governor in 1647

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contributions of the Dutch

A
  1. Created an enduring commercial center (later New York)
  2. 1st body of non-English to retain ways and traditions
  3. Created a new configurations in American politics: voted: “Anti-English”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The English Restoration Affects Colonization in the America

A

1) Cromwell and the Puritan Roundheads beheaded the king in 1649
2) Rise of Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate
3) 1660: Restoration of Charles II to the throne
4) English claim New Netherland by reason of: “former expedition”
5) English expedition of 1664 met no Dutch resistance
6) Colony turned over to Duke of York, Charles’s brother and renamed New York

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

William Penn: A Valuable Asset

A

Educated, wealthy leader for the Quaker Cause, Embarks on the “Holy Experiment”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Quaker Religious Beliefs

A
  1. Spark of Divinity in all: “Inner Light”
  2. Man could perfect himself thru prayer
  3. Non-necessity of scripture, sacraments, or clergy
  4. Direct communion with Holy Spirit
  5. Sought to resist fleshly desires
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Manifestation of Quaker Beliefs

A
  1. Pacifism
  2. Equality of the Sexes
  3. Anti-slavery
  4. Modern attitudes toward Native Americans
  5. Refusal to pay taxes
  6. Lived lives to frugality, self-denial
20
Q

Quaker Paradoxes

A
  1. Frugal, but became wealthy
  2. Philosophy of religious liberty made them a minority
  3. How could pacifist leaders protect the colony?
  4. Believed in equality, but success made them aristocrats
21
Q

Pennsylvania’s Attractions (Vigorous Advertising Campaign)

A
  1. Elective Assembly and Council
  2. Religious Toleration
  3. Legal and civil rights assured
  4. Rich farmland at fixed and fair price
  5. Favorable tribal policies led to peace
22
Q

Pennsylvania Politics

A
  1. Proprietor appointed the Governor
  2. House of Representatives elected by freemen to approve laws of governor
23
Q

House of Representatives elected by freemen to approve laws of governor

A

Originally a Body of Review, not initiation, but assumed this right by 1700

24
Q

18th Century Thought and Culture: Generalization

A
  1. Original forces die out: new patterns
  2. Changes in Immigration Patterns: Non English Appear
  3. Developing “American” Society
  4. Expansion of Slavery
  5. Religious Change
25
Q

Two Major Themes of the 18th Century

A
  1. Growing distinction between North and South
  2. Increased Soc/Pol Complexity
26
Q

Indentured Servitude (Definition)

A

Workers bound to masters for a fixed term of service: Free passage

27
Q

3 parts of Indentured Servitude

A
  1. Volunteers, often the poor
  2. Convicts, prisoners
  3. Orphans, vagrants, kidnap victims
  4. Realities of Indentured Servitude
28
Q

Realities of Indentured Servitude

A

a. Large floating population of young men, potential for unrest
b. High mobility: families moving around for greener pastures
c. Increasing avoidance of severe working conditions in the South
d. Led to large increase in African slavery in the South

29
Q

Birth and Death

A
  1. Growth in population
  2. Natural increase
  3. Increased in Longevity
30
Q

Women and Families in the Southern Colonies

A
  1. Women married young
  2. Lives consumed in child-bearing
  3. Standards of sexual behaviors flexible
  4. High infant mortality rates
  5. Outlived husbands, remarried quickly
31
Q

Slavery in the Colonies

A

Rise of Tobacco as a Cash Crop

32
Q

Workings of Slavery

A
  1. Rise of the African Slave Trade
  2. The Triangular Trade
  3. Slaves sold individually
  4. Regarded as “Chattels”
33
Q

The Middle Passage: Social/Demographic Implication

A
  1. Blacks begin to outnumbered whites
  2. Passage of “Black Codes”: limited right , freedom of movement
  3. Black servitude hardens into lifestime slavery
34
Q

Why were Native American Not Enslaved in the Colonies?

A
  1. They were “at-home”
  2. Strong cultural/support system
  3. Self-sufficient
35
Q

Slave Society on the Plantation (South)

A
  1. Self-contained communities (50 slaves)
  2. Developed strong familial structures
  3. Developed own languages, religions
  4. Constant surveillance
36
Q

The Southern Economy

A
  1. Agriculturals: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
  2. Conditions Severe: Led to rise of slavery
37
Q

Northern Economy and Technology

A
  1. Small mills, metalworks, craftsmen and artisans
  2. “Natural Resources” industry: lumbering, mining, fishing
38
Q

Rise of Consumerism

A
  1. Material goods = Social Status
  2. Increasing division of society by class
  3. Advent of Advertising
  4. “Luxuries” became commonplace
39
Q

Rise of the colonial city

A
  1. Variety of ethnic backgrounds
  2. Increase in Urban Problems
  3. New Cosmopolitan Outlook
40
Q

Cultural and Religious Outpourings

A

A. Salem Witch Trials
B. The Great Awakening

41
Q

The Great Awakening

A

Outbreak of religious fervor, fueled by evangelical preachers

42
Q

The Great Awakening Caused by:

A

Two Schools of Thought

43
Q

Caused by Two Schools of Thought

A
  1. Decline of Puritanism
  2. Reaction to the New Science
  3. Johnathan Edwards, George Whitefield
  4. Objections of the Established Ministry
  5. Long-term Effects of the Great Awakening
44
Q

Johnathan Edwards, George Whitefield: Puritan Tenets

A

Pre-destination, God sovereign, salvation only by God’s grace

45
Q

Objections of the Established Ministry

A

a. Itinerancy
b. Bodily Excesses

46
Q

Long-term Effects of the Great Awakening

A

a. Legacy: 1st movement experienced by the colonies as a whole
b. Upsurge in Reform
c. Building of new collegs, churches

47
Q

Legacy

A

1st movement experienced by the colonies as a whole

HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions