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HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 > Unit 1: Colonial Beginnings > Flashcards

Unit 1: Colonial Beginnings Flashcards

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1
Q

Richard Hakluyt: Particular Discourses on the Western Planting

A

1) Colonies so expensive that national government aid necessary
2) Colonies would aid suffering economy
3) Enhance England’s in’l position
4) English colonies would ensure no Catholic block in the New World

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2
Q

Colonial Generalization

A

1) Period studied as Colonial; for its own sake
2) Study of separate societies
3) Colonial societies were violent
4) Colonists came for a myriad of reasons

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3
Q

Two Major Themes of the Colonial Period

A

1) Influence of England and her tradition
2) Conditions in American forced changes in “re-creating” England

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4
Q

Distinction between England and the American Colonies

A

1) Land
2) Jobs and Wages
3) Social Status

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5
Q

1) Land

A

a. Scarce and expensive in England
b. Abundant and cheap in the colonies

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6
Q

2) Jobs and Wages

A

a. Overcrowding in England = Low wages
b. Scarcity in colonies = High wages

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7
Q

3) Social Status

A

a. Based on birth, lineage in England
b. Based on monetary wealth in colonies

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8
Q

Idealistic Impulses

A

Thomas More’s Utopia, 1516

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9
Q

Commericial Motivation

A
  1. Enclosure Movement: hard times
  2. Rise of the Charter Company
    Monopoly of Trade
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10
Q

Theory of Mercantilism: Finite Amount of Trade Available

A
  1. Favorable trade, exchange of bullion = wealth
  2. Objective: Export more than import
  3. Colonies: Source of Raw Material, Labor and Consumers
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11
Q

Religious incentive: Reformation in Europe

A

A. Martin Luther’s Protestantism
B. John Calvin: Swiss theologian; Doctrine of Predestination
C. English Reformation: Protest/ants of the Catholic Church

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12
Q

A. Martin Luther’s Protestantism

A

1) Bible, not church, authentic voice of God
2) Salvation by faith, not works or church payments

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13
Q

B. John Calvin: Swiss theologian : Doctrine of Predestination

A

1) The “elect” pre-ordained for salvation
2) Leading a good life evidence of salvation
3) Incentive for Virtue

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14
Q

C. English Reformation: Protest/ants of the Catholic Church

A

1) Henry VIII breaks with pope over divorce issue
2) Names himself as the Head of the Church
3) Upon his death, daughter Mary goes back to Catholicism, persecutes Protestants
4) Elizabeth brings back Protestantism and the Church of the England (Anglican Church)
5) Her compromise irked both Protestants and Catholics
6) Puritans: Wanted to “purify” Anglican church of all Catholicism

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15
Q

Nationalistic Ventures
A. The English in Ireland

A

1) First experience with colonization shaped future action/attitudes in America
2) Viewed Irish as wild, to be subdued
3) Plantation Model: Transplanting of English society separate from natives

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16
Q

The Founding of Jamestown: Early Problems

A

1) Chose a Poor Site
2) Colonists were “adventure”
3) Malaria
4) Greed and Idleness
5) No English Women

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17
Q

The Arrival of John Smith, 1608

A

1) Imposed work and order on the colony
2) Organized raids of Native American villages to procure food

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18
Q

Reorganization of the London Company (Now the Virginia Co.)

A
  1. New efforts to colonize Jamestown
  2. The Starving Time
  3. Jamestown Survival
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19
Q

New Effort to Colonize Jamestown

A

a. Sold stock to investor and emigrees
b. Free passage for indentured servants

20
Q

Jamestown Survived due to:

A

a. Order and Discipline: (De La Warr)
b. Assaults on Native American tribes for supplies
c. Arrival of Self-government : (House of Burgessess 1619)
d. Success of Tobacco

21
Q

Tobacco as Cash Crop led to Expansion and Settlement Incentives

A
  1. Headright System: 50-acre grants of land
  2. Skilled craftmen transported free
  3. English women sent as wives
  4. Full Rights of Englishmen
  5. Shared in Self-government
  6. Expansion Due only to effective Suppression of local N/A tribes
22
Q

Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony in 1624:

A

Gov. Bekerley

23
Q

James I revokes charter and takes back

A

Control of the colony

24
Q

Prohibited further westward settlement after negotiation with tribes

A

a. Unpopular, especially because of the re-doubling of the population
b. Led to frequent clashes between whites and Native American people

25
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676

A
  1. Tension between east and west over tribal policy
  2. Bacon’s personal/political grudges
26
Q

Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion

A

a. Potential for social upheaval
b. Colony turns more to slave trade

27
Q

Pilgrims pre-dated Puritans, arriving in Plymouth in 1620

A
  1. Had emigrated first to Leyden, Holland from Scrooby, then to New World
  2. Mayflower Compact
28
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a. Established civil government
b. Proclaimed loyalty to the king

29
Q

Profound Changes brought by the English in New England

A
  1. European Diseases decimated Native American tribes
  2. Demand for fur, meat, skin depleted animal population
  3. Brought new cops
  4. Brought a European pattern to landscape
30
Q

The Great Migration of 1629

A

Arrival of the Puritans

31
Q

Government of Mass-Bay Colony

A
  1. John Winthrop brings charter with him to transform venture from economic to political
  2. Elected governors and representative to a bicameral legislature
  3. The electorate: male church members
32
Q

The City on a Hill Mission: Puritans were Non-Separating

A
  1. Errand into the Wilderness
  2. Strong missionary zeal: intensity
  3. Model of Congregationalism
33
Q

Errand into the Wilderness

A

a. Erect a pure church as a model to the world
b. Remodel the entire society
c. Radical revolutionaries

34
Q

Puritan Religious Beliefs: Cotton Mather

A
  1. Absolute Sovereignty of God
  2. Absolute Sinfulness of Man
  3. Doctrine of Predestination (Election)
  4. Conversion Experience
  5. The Convenant or Compact
35
Q

The Convenant or Compact

A

a. Between Man and God
b. Between Leaders and the People

36
Q

a. Between Man and God

A

Man relied on Christ, God granted Salvation

37
Q

b. Between Leaders and the People

A

Unjust rulers could be removed by the people

38
Q

Result of Puritan Religious Beliefs

A
  1. Striving after good works, wealth
  2. Puritanism as an Equalizer
  3. Final confidence in the Bible
  4. Strong belief in Intolerance
  5. Strong Sense of Mission
  6. Strong Sense of Community
  7. Theocracy: Union of Church and Government
39
Q

Mass-Bay Colony Survived and Prospered Due to:

A
  1. Aid from neighboring Native American tribes
  2. Family groupings led to community
  3. Colony able to reproduce itself
  4. Strong religious/political hierarchy led to Social Stability
40
Q

Relationship with N/A tribes: Pequot and King Philip’s War

A
  1. Rationalize “land grab” issue by declaring that land “not settled”
  2. Maintained surrounding tribes were subject to Puritan law
  3. Puritans and Native American tribes did not mix racially
  4. Important Interdependence grew up between races
41
Q

Roger William and Rhode Island

A
  1. Separatist: Disavow Anglican affiliation
  2. Separation of Church and State
  3. Accused Puritans of stealing land from N/A tribes
  4. Accused Puritans of “idolatry”
  5. William Banished: Rhode Island Colony featured 3 traits
42
Q

William Banished: Rhode Island Colony featured 3 traits

A

a. Complete freedom of conscience
b. Complete disassociation of church and state
c. Genuine political democracy

43
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism

A
  1. Claimed many clergy not the “elect”
  2. Challenged male-dominated society
  3. Claimed to directly commune with the Holy Spirit
44
Q

Puritan Contribution in Retrospect

A
  1. Prosperous, thriving colony
  2. Tradition of the American “Mission”
  3. Clear set of Values: Puritan work ethic
45
Q

Borderlands and Middle Grounds

A

A. Importance of the Caribbean Island
B. Connections to North American Colonies

46
Q

Connections to North American Colonies

A
  1. Important part of the Atlantic trading world
  2. Main Source of African slaves
  3. Plantation system became model for the mainland

HIST 170 C: History of the United States 1 (9 decks)

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