Unit 7: Further anatomy Flashcards
State the functions of the
skin [5]
- Regulation of body temperature:
- Protection and immunity
- Sensation
- Excretion
- Vitamin D synthesis
How does the skin temperature regulation work? [6]
Hypothalamus detects if…
Peripheries are cold:
1. Capillaries of dermis VASOCONSTRICT: so that the amount of blood flowing is less, and you don’t lose heat by convection
2. Sweat secretion ceases
3. Hairs stand up trapping the air for insulation
Peripheries are hot:
1. Capillaries of dermis DILATE: so that heat is lost by convection
2. Increase sweat production: to reduce temperature, as evaporation skin cools
3. Hairs move down, allowing heat to leave the body
How does the skin protection and immunity work? [4]
- Physical barrier (brick-wall structure)
- Specialized cells that kill bacteria and viruses with antibodies
- Sebum wax (kill bacteria and waterproof)
- Protection against UV rays, pigment of skin
How does the skin sensation system work? [1]
Touch, pain, heat, and cold are processed by receptors on the hypodermis
How does the skin excretion system work? [4]
Eliminates waste products from protein metabolism through sweat glands such as:
1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Ammonia
How does the skin’s vitamin D synthesis work? [2]
- Skin produces chemical substance: pre-vitamin D
- UV rays exposure turn it into vitamin D
What is the blood-brain barrier?
A selective filter that allows only O2 and glucose to flow into the brain, repelling and filtering harmful substances.
Describe the principal source of energy for brain cells [4]
- A low O2 and glucose supply can produce: mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions, and loss of consciousness
- Brain can get a rapid and continuous blood supply
- Brain can’t store glycogen, so it can’t get fuel if it’s lacking
- Brain can ONLY do aerobic cell respiration
Explain the function of the brain stem [2]
- In charge of the respiratory and cardiovascular control centers.
- Relying sensory inpormation from motor cortex to thalamus/cerebrum/cerebellum
Explain the function of the diencephalon
Thalamus:
1. Perceives sensations: filters SENSORY and MOTOR signals to cerebrum
2. Relay of information between brainstem and cerebrum
3. Maintain alertness and conciousness
Hypothalamus: control…
1. Responsible for: heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, appetite and thirst
2. Regulating pituitary gland, tells other glands in your body what to do, to maitain homeostasis.
Explain the function of the Cerebrum [4]
Responsible for thinking, language, emotion, and motivation.
3 main functions…
1. Sensory (perception)
2. Association (interpret and storing input)
3. Motor (transmit impulses to effectors)
Explain the function of the frontal lobe [5]
Connected with many aspects of association, such as:
1. reasoning and problem-solving
2. concentration and motivation
3. planning
4. emotions (related with personality)
5. the speech and movement motor areas.
Explain the function of the parietal lobe [4]
Forms the body sensory and motor center. Linked to:
1. movement
2. body awareness
3. orientation and navigation
4. symbolic and speech association areas to long-term memory.
Explain the function of the temporal lobe [3]
It involves the auditory sensory, association area and long-term memory.
Explain the function of the occipital lobe [2]
It involves the visual sensory and association with memory center.
