Unit 1: Anatomy Flashcards
Function of the axial skeleton?
Enclose important structures and provide protection to organs.
Function of the appendicular skeleton?
Movement and attachment to muscles.
Four types of bones:
Long, short, flat and irregular.
Examples of long bones?
Femur, tibia, clavicle, metatarsals
Examples of short bones?
Carpals and tarsals
Examples of flat bones?
Ilium, scapula, ribs, sternum, skull, patella.
Examples of irregular bones?
Vertebrae, isquium and pubis.
Function of ligament
Holds structures together, connect bone to bone, provides stability and lowers risk of joint injury.
Function of tendon
Connects muscle to bones, stability and pull on bones to generate movement.
Function of articular cartilage
Resist compressive forces, reduce friction and provide support to bony areas where there is a need for flexibility.
What are ligaments, tendons and cartilage?
Ligaments: Strong and flexible tissue
Tendons: Flexible tissue
Cartilage: The layer covering the articulating area of bones
What is a joint?
When two or more bones articulate together.
Function of a joint
Increase mobility of the body and the limbs.
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints.
Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
1) Contractility: muscle contracts and reduces its length (gets smaller)
2) Extensibility: increase in length (gets longer, stretched)
3) Elasticity: ability of the muscle to go back to its original resting length –> extends and goes back
4) Atrophy: decrease muscle fibers (decrease mass)
5) Hypertrophy: increase muscle fibers (increase mass)
6) Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries:
i. Needs O2 and glucose to do cell respiration, and provide energy.
ii. Needs stimuli from nervous system to be instructed when to contract and when to relax.
When does extensibility occur?
During stretching
