Unit 7 Ethnicity - Vocabulary

Question 1

Apartheid

Answer 1

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

Question 2

Balkanized

Answer 2

Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonism toward each other

Question 3

Balkanization

Answer 3

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Question 4

Barrio

Answer 4

A district of a town in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries.

(in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city, especially one with a high poverty level

Question 5

Blockbusting

Answer 5

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

Question 6

Charter group

Answer 6

The dominant first arrivals establishing the cultural norms and standards against which other immigrant groups were measured (Europeans in North America, British and French in Canada)

Question 7

Centripetal force

Answer 7

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

Question 8

Centrifugal force

Answer 8

A force or attitude that tends to divide a state

Question 9

Ethnicity

Answer 9

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

Question 10

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 10

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

Question 11

Ethnic enclave

Answer 11

A small geographical region in which a large number of immigrants have congregated, such as in Chinatown

Question 12

Genocide

Answer 12

The mass killing of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

Question 13

Ghetto

Answer 13

During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure

Question 14

Jim Crow laws

Answer 14

Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas (meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government)

Question 15

Multi-ethnic state

Answer 15

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

Question 16

Multinational state

Answer 16

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

Question 17

Nationalism

Answer 17

Loyalty or devotion to a particular nationality

Question 18

Nationality

Answer 18

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

Question 19

Nation-state

Answer 19

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Question 20

Part nation-state

Answer 20

When a nation overlaps the boundaries of multiple states you have multiple nations states of the same nation

Question 21

Race

Answer 21

Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor

Question 22

Racism

Answer 22

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produces an inherent superiority of a particular race

Question 23

Segregation

Answer 23

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Question 24

Self-determination

Answer 24

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Question 25

Sharecropper

Answer 25

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of crops

Question 26

Stateless nation

Answer 26

A nationality that is not represented by a state

Question 27

Triangular slave trade

Answer 27

A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa