Unit 7 Ethnicity - Vocabulary Flashcards
Apartheid
Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas
Balkanized
Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonism toward each other
Balkanization
A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Barrio
A district of a town in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries.
(in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city, especially one with a high poverty level
Blockbusting
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
Charter group
The dominant first arrivals establishing the cultural norms and standards against which other immigrant groups were measured (Europeans in North America, British and French in Canada)
Centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Centrifugal force
A force or attitude that tends to divide a state
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions
Ethnic cleansing
A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region
Ethnic enclave
A small geographical region in which a large number of immigrants have congregated, such as in Chinatown
Genocide
The mass killing of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence
Ghetto
During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure
Jim Crow laws
Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas (meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government)
Multi-ethnic state
A state that contains more than one ethnicity
Multinational state
A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities
Nationalism
Loyalty or devotion to a particular nationality
Nationality
Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there
Nation-state
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
Part nation-state
When a nation overlaps the boundaries of multiple states you have multiple nations states of the same nation
Race
Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor
Racism
Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produces an inherent superiority of a particular race
Segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Self-determination
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
Sharecropper
A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of crops
Stateless nation
A nationality that is not represented by a state
Triangular slave trade
A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa
