Unit 2 Migration - Vocabulary Flashcards
Activity space
the space within which daily activity occurs
Brain drain
Large-scale emigration by talented people
Brain gain
Opening up new opportunities and bring business experience and special skills
Chain migration (migration ladder)
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Circulation
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis
Diaspora
The scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs
Ex. Jewish exile
Emigration
Migration from a location
Immigration
Migration to a new location
Forced migration
Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors
Voluntary movement
Permanent movement undertaken by choice
Gravity model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
Guest worker
A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job
Internal migration
Permanent movement within a particular country
International migration
Permanent movement form one country to another
Intervening obstacle
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration
Intervening opportunity
The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away
Migration transition
A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produces the demographic transition
Migration stream
A constant flow of migrants from the same origin to the same destination
Migration selectivity
The tendency for certain types of people to migrate
Mobility
All types of movement between location
Net migration
The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration
Periodic movement
Migration involving temporary, recurrent relocation
Ex. Military service, college
Push factors
A factor that induces people to leave old residences
Pull factors
A factor that induces people to move to a new location
Quotas
In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits of the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year
Ravenstein’s Laws
A
Refugee
A person who is forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return in fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political option
Remittance
Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important of the economy in poorer countries
Rural to urban migration
Urbanization
Step migration
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages
Time-contract workers
Recruited for work, but only for a fixed period of time by contract
Ex. Guest workers
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
Suburbanization
The movement from cities to the suburbs
Counter-urbanization
Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries
