Unit 5 Language - Vocabulary Flashcards
Accent
The manner in which people speak and they way words are pronounced in different parts of the world
Anatolian Hypothesis
Theory that the movement of Indo-European languages in Turkey (Anatolia) diffused through agricultural practices and they are the first speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language
Creole
A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
Dialect
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation
Esperanto
an artificial language devised in 1887 as an international medium of communication, based on roots from the chief European languages
Extinct language
A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used
Ideogram
a written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it, e.g., numerals and Chinese characters.
Logogram
A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound
Indo-European
The most widely used language family and is predominant in Europe, South Asia, and North and Latin America
Nostratic Hypothesis
A theory that proposed a language family that includes I.E., Uralic, Semitic, Dravidian, and Kartvelian, not supported by most linguists
Isogloss
A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Isolated language
A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family
Kurgan Hypothesis
A theory which holds that the spread of Indo-European languages originated with animal domestication
Language
A system of communication through the use of speech; a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning
Language branch
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family
Language family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
Language group
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary
Lingua Franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Mono, bi, multi linguality
Mono- speak 1 language
Bi- speak 2 languages
Multi- speak more than 2 languages
Official language
The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents
Orthography
A method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
Pidgin
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages
Polyglot
A person who knows and speaks multiple languages
Slang
a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people
Standard language
The form of language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
Syntax
the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
Toponym
The name given to a part of Earth’s surface
Trade language
common languages used by merchants who did not speak a common tongue
Vernacular
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region
