Unit 7 - Economic Geography Flashcards
The 3 Job Categories of an Economic Structure
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
Activities that directly extract materials from Earth through agriculture and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.
Primary Sector
Manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products and industries that fabricate manufactured goods into finished consumer goods.
Secondary Sector
Providing goods and services to people in exchange for payment, such as retailing, banking, law, education, and government.
Tertiary Sector
The shift from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one based on machine manufacturing industry. Began in Britain in the 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. Involved a series of improvements that transformed manufacturing.
The Industrial Revolution
The term Industrial Revolution was used earlier by ____writers.
French
He popularized the term to define Britain’s economic development from 1760 to 1840.
Arnold Toynbee (1852–83)
Before the Industrial Revolution, the industry was _____ dispersed across the landscape.
geographically
Home-based manufacturing. People created agricultural equipment and household tools in their own homes or procured them in their village.
Cottage Industry System
Among the First Industries Impacted by the Industrial Revolution
- Iron
- Transportation
- Textile Production
- Chemicals
- Food Processing
The first industry to benefit from Watt’s steam engine was the ____ tool industry.
+ The usefulness of this had been known for centuries, but it was challenging to produce because ovens had to be continuously heated, which was difficult before the steam engine.
Iron
(Transportation)
First ____ and then ____ enabled factories to attract large numbers of workers, bring in bulky materials like coal and iron ore, and ship finished goods to consumers’ textiles.
canals
railroads
First canals and then railroads enabled factories to attract large numbers of workers, bring in bulky materials like coal and iron ore, and ship finished goods to consumers’ textiles.
Transportation
Transformed from a dispersed cottage industry to a full factory system during the late eighteenth century.
Textile Production
He was a barber, and wigmaker in Preston, England, invented machines to untangle cotton before spinning.
Richard Arkwright (in 1746)
_____ were too large to fit inside a cottage, it was placed inside factories near rapidly flowing water sources, which supplied the power.
Spinning frames
The chemical industry was created to bleach and dye cloth.
Chemicals
The chemical industry was created to bleach and ______.
dye cloth
They established a factory to bleach cotton with sulfuric acid obtained from burning _____.
John Roebuck and Samuel Garbett in 1746
coal
An acid produced when sulfuric acid is combined with various metals, useful for dying clothing.
Vitriol
+ Nicolas Appert in 1810 – French confectioner started canning food in glass bottles sterilized in boiling water.
+ Canned food – essential to feed the factory workers who no longer lived on farms.
Food Processing
He was a French confectioner who started canning food in glass bottles sterilized in boiling water.
Nicolas Appert in 1810
Nicolas Appert in 1810 was a French confectioner started canning food in _____ sterilized in boiling ____.
glass bottles
water
An essential to feed the factory workers who no longer lived on farms.
Canned Food
The Industrial Revolution did not spread as quickly as expected to other parts of Europe due to ______.
political instability
