Unit 6 - Agricultural Geography Flashcards
According to Rubenstein (2002), agriculture is the….
“Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.”
______ is one of the first things humans learned to do.
Agriculture
The plants they cultivated are called _____.
crops
The lands that are not good for planting are used for ______
livestock grazing
The lands that are not good for planting are used for livestock grazing; this practice is called _______.
ranching
_______ a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze.
Pastoral Nomadism/Nomadic Pastoralism
A human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals) is known as ______
Hunters and Gatherers
A human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals) is known as ______
Hunters and Gatherers
An agricultural system in which person uses a piece of land, only to abandon or alter the initial use a short time later. This system often involves clearing of a piece of land followed by several years of wood harvesting or farming until the soil loses fertility is called ______
Shifting Cultivation
The great increase in production of food grains that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century is known as _____
The Green Revolution
The _______ were the first people to walk the earth and benefit from their natural resources.
hunters and gatherers
At present, there are only about 250,000 people who follow this way of life, and they can be found in ________
Australia, Africa, South America, and the Arctic.
Two Basic Cultivation Techniques
Vegetative Planting
Seed Agriculture
This basic cultivation technique is done by cutting off stems from existing plants and replanting them.
Vegetative Planting
This basic cultivation technique is still used in modern-day farming. This when you plant seeds and help them grow.
Seed Agriculture
______ is farming mainly to provide food for their families instead of selling their products.
Subsistence Agriculture
Subsistence Agriculture is mostly and still practiced in _____
LDCs
The Four Subsistence Farming Methods are:
Shifting Cultivation
Pastoral Nomadism
Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Dominant
Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Not Dominant
This method is done in low latitudes, and it is very different from how farming is done in MDCs. The farmers will first clear off all plant life and rubbish and then bum it. This method clears the land while adding nutrients to the soil.
Shifting Cultivation/Slash-And-Burn Agriculture
This method is done in low latitudes, and it is very different from how farming is done in MDCs. The farmers will first clear off all plant life and rubbish and then bum it. This method clears the land while adding nutrients to the soil.
Shifting Cultivation/Slash-And-Burn Agriculture
In this method, the animals are domesticated, unlike the herds that the hunters and gatherers follow.
Pastoral Nomadism
Usually, _______raise sheep or some other domesticated animals they use for food since they do little hunting or gathering.
pastoral nomads
This method means that wet rice is the product, which is mostly done is the Southeastern regions of Asia.
Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Dominant
This method is where wet rice is not dominant and produces mainly barley and wheat. This is mostly done in the interior of India and northeast China.
Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Not Dominant
MDCs use more technologically advanced agricultural methods that generate_______.
higher yields
This type of agriculture is mostly done in the MDCs.
Commercial Agriculture
Farmers in MDCs use _____ extensively to cultivate large farms.
machinery
To describe, explain, and analyze situations, many fields use models that are representations of realistic conditions. An example of this is the ______
The Von Thünen Model
This model has some important variables useful to commercial farmers—the model shows which crops should be planted and the best location to grow them to maximize profits.
The Von Thünen Model
The Von Thünen Model utilizes a set of rules to determine which crops should be produced, given the _____ location.
marketplace’s
He was the one who developed the The Von Thünen Model.
Johann Heinrich Von Thünen
(1783-1850).
The term ______ describes the transformation of agricultural practices, which started in Mexico in the 1940s. The plan was so successful that it was picked up worldwide by the 1950s and 1960s.
Green Revolution
It was _______ an American scientist who was interested in agriculture who started the Green Revolution.
Norman Borlaug,
Borlaug researched in Mexico to develop a new variety of wheat that is _______ and ______
disease resistant and high yield.
The use of ______ was necessary to produce this variety of wheat, which changed the way agriculture was practiced.
fertilizer
______ was also developed, which made it possible to use more land for production.
Irrigation
Before the Green Revolution, farmers relied mostly on ______ to water their crops.
rainfall
Breeding an almost homogenous variety made the crops more prone to diseases and pests. So, to protect their crops, farmers started using more _______.
pesticides
The use of the Green Revolution improved the amount of food production worldwide and saved countries like ______ from famine.
China and India
GMO stands for?
Genetically Modified Organisms
Components of the Von Thünen Model
o City
o Dairy and Market Gardening
o Forest
o Grains and Other Crops
o Ranching
