Unit 1 - History Of Geography Flashcards
It is the study of diverse environments, places, and spaces of the Earth’s surface and their interactions
Geography
Two fundamental questions geographers seek to answer
“Where are things located?” and “Why are they located where they are?”
This theory states, “Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”
Waldo Tobler’s First Law of Geography
This question is based on Waldo Tobler’s First Law of Geography
How does their location influence things in other place
Geography came from two Greek words Geo and Graphy which means…?
To write about the Earth
The history of geography can be divided into two main parts which are:
“The history of exploration” and “Mapmaking and academic discipline development”
Geography was first systematically studied by the ancient ____ who also developed a philosophy of geography
Greeks
The ___ contribution to geography was in the exploration and mapping of previously unknown lands.
Roman
Greeks geographic learning was maintained and enhanced by the ___ during the Middle Ages
Arabs
His journeys in the latter part of the Middle Ages began the revival of geographic interest outside the Muslim world.
Marco Polo
This era in Europe explored parts of the world, which led to the voyages of exploration and to great discoveries. It was a mercantile interest rather than a genuine search.
Renaissance
During this time, people reintroduced sound theoretical geography in the form of textbooks and maps
16th and 17th century
During this time, geography began to achieve recognition as a discipline and was taught at the university level.
18th century
He collated information about latitude and longitude, which his idea of geography led to the creation of detailed maps with coordinate systems
Ptolemy
His printing press invention around 1445 helped the proliferation of geographic knowledge move faster.
Gutenberg
He was inspired by Ptolemy’s Guide to Geography to travel and discover the world. Age of Discovery happened after his mistake due to incomplete ancient geographic knowledge
Christopher Columbus
In 1492, he created a spherical glove depicting the Earth in its three-dimensional form.
Martin Behaim
The modern period of geography began toward the end of the 18th century with their works (two person)
Alexander Von Humboldt and Karl Ritter
The two principal methods of approach to geography can be distinguished:
The Systematic and The Regional
During the End of WWII, geography experienced the explosion of knowledge brought on by the new tools of modern technology for the acquisition and manipulation of data, these include:
Aerial Photography, Remote Sensors, and Computer
Today’s geography is studied by ______ and in many of the world’s universities
Government agencies
These are the five scholars that attributed the foundation of modern geography:
Immanuel Kant, Alexander Von Humboldt, Carl Ritter, Friedrich Ratzel, and Carl Sauer
The two main areas of geography are:
Physical Geography and Human Geography
This main area of geography regards the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics
Physical Geography
This main area of geography looks at the impact and behavior of people and how they relate to the physical world.
Human Geography
The main area of geography that looks at the connection between physical and human geography
Environmental Geography
This area of Physical Geography studies the shape of the Earth’s surface and how it comes out
Geomorphology
This area of Physical Geography focuses on the Earth’s water
Hydrology
This area of Physical Geography concerned with glaciers and ice sheets
Glaciology
This area of Physical Geography studies species, how species are distributed, and why
Biogeography
This area of Physical Geography focuses on climate
Climatology
This area of Physical Geography studies about soils
Pedology
This area of Physical Geography is concerned with how the continents have moved over time
Paleo geography
This area of Physical Geography deals with the effect of ocean and land upon each other
Coastal Geography
This area of Physical Geography studies the oceans and seas
Oceanography
This area of Physical Geography studies the geography of the last 2.6 million years
Quaternary Science
This area of Physical Geography deals with how the landscape affects things like the distribution of plants and animals
Landscape Ecology
This area of Physical Geography involves gathering, storing, and processing of geographic information like making maps
Geomatics
This area of Human Geography deals with how things like religion, language, and government vary across the world
Cultural Geography
This area of Human Geography is concerned with standards of living and quality of life across the world
Development Geography
This area of Human Geography deals with how people have studied and thought about geography in the past
Historical Geography
This area of Human Geography studies how populations grow in different places and people migrate
Population Geography
This area of Human Geography studies cities and built-up areas
Urban Geography
This is a place where a particular point or object exists and is fundamental to geography
Location
These four features describe the “where” of a location
Toponym, Situation, Site, and Mathematical Location
This is also known as the place-name (ex. Malolos City)
Toponym
This is also known as the relative location (ex. 45 kilometers North of Manila)
Situation
This is the actual location of a settlement on the Earth (ex. Malolos City lies at the head of the Pampanga River delta, near the northern shore of Manila Bay)
Site
This is the precise statement of location using a measurement system (ex. Malolos City is 14.8527° North, 120.8160° East)
Mathematical Location
The two sets of organizational tools or analysis methods to answer the second geographic question “Why”
Regional Analysis and Spatial Analysis
This analysis is the understanding of the similarities and differences relative to the relationships between people and places
Regional Analysis
Regions are classified into three types which are:
Formal, Functional, and Vernacular
This region consists of governmental, administrative, or political boundaries that can separate states, provinces, or countries
Formal Region
This region has boundaries intended for a practical function within a particular area
Functional Region
This region is a more loosely defined boundary that is based on people’s perceptions
Vernacular Region
This analysis focuses on the interactions between two or more areas including the diffusion or spread of people and their characteristics from one place to another over time
Spatial Analysis
During the 18th century, geography began to achieve recognition as a discipline and was taught at the _____.
University Level
During the 16th-17th century, people reintroduced ____ in the form of textbooks and maps
Sound theoretical geography
Geography came from two Greek words which are:
Geo and Graphy
