Unit 7 Definitions Flashcards
the study of power, political structure, political organization, and political action in human society
political anthropology (!)
egalitarian
societies in which individuals enjoy equal status and decisions are made through consensus
stratified society
societies in which there is a permanent hierarchy that accords some members privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige
what are the two types of uncentralized political systems? (!)
band
tribe
a small social group whose members neither farm nor herd but depend on wild food sources
band
a group that lies somewhere between a band and a centralized political system (usually bigger than a band, has domesticated plants and animals, but its political organization remains largely egalitarian)
tribe
how many subtypes are there of tribes?
five subtypes
how many subtypes are there of bands?
three subtypes
what are the two centralized systems? (!)
chiefdom
state
usually only the chief and the chief’s family are set above the rest of society, which remains fairly egalitarian
chiefdom (!)
different groups suffer permanent inequality of access to wealth, power, and prestige; this signals the presence of social stratification
state (!)
coercion
power and control exercised by force or threat of force
ideology (!)
a worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live
“________”: coercive rule
domination
persuading subordinates to accept the ideology of the dominant group by mutual accommodations that nevertheless preserve the rulers’ privileged position
hegemony (!)
___: the act of knowing and managing the territory and population of a state
governmentality
a type of power and political strategy that targets (by knowing and managing) the biology of individual citizens and the population as a whole
biopower
a complex concept associated with many cultures in Oceania that is both a noun (a spiritual force or power found in all things) and a stative verb (to be true, successful, prestigious, respectful, and potent)
mana
____: an agreement to which all parties collectively give their assent
consensus
____: using influence to convince others to take a specific course of action
persuasion
_____: the power to refuse being forced against one’s will to conform to someone else’s wishes, can be overt and subtle
resistance (!)
the patterning of human interdependence in a given society through the actions and decisions of its members
social organization
_____: transformative capacity, the ability to transform a given situation, impact and influence it
power (!)
the social forms, actions, and institutions that produce, reflect, and change relations of power, decision making, and authority
politics
