Important Concepts from Unit 3 Notes

Question 1

Michel-Rolph Trouillot famously argued that anthropology was assigned the “_____”

Answer 1

savage slot, they were assigned to work with “the rest of the world” instead of studying White Europeans

Question 2

the acknowledgement that culture must be examined in regards to its internal diversity and outside influences, was developed in the _____ by Eric Wolf and Sidney Mintz

Answer 2

1970s/80s

Question 3

Mintz and Wolf advocated to track global processes such as ____, _______, and ______ and ________ to view their effects on culture

Answer 3

slavery
sugar production and consumption
the fur trade

Question 4

where was the pre-colonial trans-Saharan route?

Answer 4

West to North Africa, the Near East, and Europe

Question 5

______ altered and intensified the interconnections that had existed between societies

Answer 5

colonialism

Question 6

what demonstrated a crucial point in the new approach to the study of culture?

Answer 6

the trans-Saharan trade route

Question 7

when did the export of slaves from Africa begin?

Answer 7

in the 15th century

Question 8

how did the act of becoming a slave affect the culture of these peoples?

Answer 8

people from all different cultures and backgrounds were forcibly mixed together, which in turn created new cultures/traditions while losing original tradition

Question 9

from 1880 to 1920, the Objibwe of North Ontario were forced to change their diet from ____ to ____

Answer 9

1. caribou
2. fishing/trapping

Question 10

colonization led to the poverty and underdevelopment of many formerly colonized territories in Africa, Caribbean, Latin America, which term encapsulates these lingering effects?

Answer 10

neocolonialism

Question 11

The Baule are an ethnic group on the Ivory Coast of West Africa, how was their gender power dynamic shifted when they were colonized by the French in 1923?

Answer 11

They led an equal gendered society, women had one main responsibility of making thread, the men cultivated the yams to eat. When the French arrived, they gave more power to the men, causing an imbalance in the Baule society and leading women to become financially dependant on their husbands

Question 12

C.J Thomsen’s “three age system” and Lewis Henry Morgan’s “ethical stages” are an example of ________

Answer 12

unilineal evolutionism

Question 13

Did Lewis Henry Morgan go do his own research? Or rely on missionaries and other foreign travellers for information?

Answer 13

He went and did his own research in the US and Canada about the Iroquois

Question 14

What did Lewis Henry Morgan’s “ethical stages” include? (three stages)

Answer 14

1. savagery
2. barbarism
3. civilization

Question 15

what theory did French sociologist and anthropologist Émile Durkheim make?

Answer 15

that all societies function as organisms

Question 17

Alfred Radcliffe- Brown and EE Evans Pritchard were key figures in British __________

Answer 17

structural functionalism

Question 18

structural functionalism dominated British anthropology in the early __________

Answer 18

twentieth century

Question 19

historical particularism dominated United States anthropology in the early __________

Answer 19

twentieth century

Question 20

Franz Boas spearheaded the study of _____

Answer 20

culture

Question 21

historical particularism arose in response and to challenge _______

Answer 21

unilineal evoutionism

Question 22

_______ maintained that each culture needs to be understood as the product of its own unique history instead of as representatives of a particular stage along the course of a supposedly universal human trajectory

Answer 22

historical particularism

Question 23

what did Franz Boas and his students develop?

Answer 23

the ideal of cultural relativism, that all cultures are equally valid and can only be understood under their own terms