unit 7: cognition Flashcards
what is memory?
the ability to recall, code, and enstore prior events or information
what are the three aspects of working memory?
sensory, short term, long term
what is short term memory?
short, limited amount of space
what is long term memory?
mostly permanent memory, no information cap.
what is working memory?
ways of giving meaning and significance to what you want to memorize
what is explicit memory?
memory of facts and specific events with details
what is effortful processing?
encoding/learning that takes attention and conscious effort
what is automatic processing?
unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time, and frequency or word meanings
what is implicit memory?
retention independent of conscious recollection. events that must of happened but one cannot remember them.
what does the hippocampus do?
memory
what is the basal ganglia?
motor control+learning, executive function
what is sensory memory?
holding tank for incoming sensory info
what is iconic memory?
split second perfect photo of a scene
what is a flashbulb memory
clear memory of an emotionally signifigant event
what is echoic memory?
equally perfect brief memory for sounds
what is the amygdala?
emotion center
what is selective attention?
choosing what to prioritize and pay attention to
what is long term potentiation?
increase in firing potential after brief rapid stimulation
what is episodic memory
specific events stored in a sequence of events
what is semantic memory?
general knowledge of the world stored as facts
what is procedural memory?
memories of how to do a skill; muscle memory
what is context dependent memory?
recall is stronger when a subject is present in the same environment in which the original memory was formed
what are explicit memories?
things we tried to remember
what are implicit memories?
things we didn’t try to and may not realize we remember
what is state dependent memory?
memories that remain while we’re in a certain situation
what is serial position effect?
the psychological tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
what is misinformation effect?
incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
What is source amnesia?
the inability to recall where, when, or how one has learned knowledge that has been acquired and retained
what is a constructed memory?
A memory that was built from general knowledge
what is convergent thinking?
the ability to give the “correct” answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity
what is divergent thinking?
the process of creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to a problem that you are trying to solve.
what is representatuveness hueristic?
decisions are based on comparisons to mental representations of stereotypes, prototypes, or preconceived outcomes
what is availability hueristic?
estimating the likelihood of events based on availability in memory
