unit 7: cognition

Question 1

what is memory?

Answer 1

the ability to recall, code, and enstore prior events or information

Question 2

what are the three aspects of working memory?

Answer 2

sensory, short term, long term

Question 3

what is short term memory?

Answer 3

short, limited amount of space

Question 4

what is long term memory?

Answer 4

mostly permanent memory, no information cap.

Question 5

what is working memory?

Answer 5

ways of giving meaning and significance to what you want to memorize

Question 6

what is explicit memory?

Answer 6

memory of facts and specific events with details

Question 7

what is effortful processing?

Answer 7

encoding/learning that takes attention and conscious effort

Question 8

what is automatic processing?

Answer 8

unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time, and frequency or word meanings

Question 9

what is implicit memory?

Answer 9

retention independent of conscious recollection. events that must of happened but one cannot remember them.

Question 10

what does the hippocampus do?

Answer 10

memory

Question 11

what is the basal ganglia?

Answer 11

motor control+learning, executive function

Question 12

what is sensory memory?

Answer 12

holding tank for incoming sensory info

Question 13

what is iconic memory?

Answer 13

split second perfect photo of a scene

Question 14

what is a flashbulb memory

Answer 14

clear memory of an emotionally signifigant event

Question 15

what is echoic memory?

Answer 15

equally perfect brief memory for sounds

Question 16

what is the amygdala?

Answer 16

emotion center

Question 17

what is selective attention?

Answer 17

choosing what to prioritize and pay attention to

Question 18

what is long term potentiation?

Answer 18

increase in firing potential after brief rapid stimulation

Question 19

what is episodic memory

Answer 19

specific events stored in a sequence of events

Question 20

what is semantic memory?

Answer 20

general knowledge of the world stored as facts

Question 21

what is procedural memory?

Answer 21

memories of how to do a skill; muscle memory

Question 22

what is context dependent memory?

Answer 22

recall is stronger when a subject is present in the same environment in which the original memory was formed

Question 23

what are explicit memories?

Answer 23

things we tried to remember

Question 24

what are implicit memories?

Answer 24

things we didn’t try to and may not realize we remember

Question 25

what is state dependent memory?

Answer 25

memories that remain while we’re in a certain situation

Question 26

what is serial position effect?

Answer 26

the psychological tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.

Question 27

what is misinformation effect?

Answer 27

incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

Question 28

What is source amnesia?

Answer 28

the inability to recall where, when, or how one has learned knowledge that has been acquired and retained

Question 29

what is a constructed memory?

Answer 29

A memory that was built from general knowledge

Question 30

what is convergent thinking?

Answer 30

the ability to give the “correct” answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity

Question 31

what is divergent thinking?

Answer 31

the process of creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to a problem that you are trying to solve.

Question 32

what is representatuveness hueristic?

Answer 32

decisions are based on comparisons to mental representations of stereotypes, prototypes, or preconceived outcomes

Question 33

what is availability hueristic?

Answer 33

estimating the likelihood of events based on availability in memory