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ap psychology > unit 5: perception > Flashcards

unit 5: perception Flashcards

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1
Q

what is selective attention?

A

reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously

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2
Q

what is change blindness?

A

phenomenon where subjects fail to detect even a large change in the visual scene

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3
Q

what is transduction?

A

the transportation or transformation of something from one form, place, or concept to another.

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4
Q

what is psychophysics

A

relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.

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5
Q

what is absolute threshold?

A

the smallest amount of stimulation needed for a person to detect that stimulus 50% of the time

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6
Q

what is signal detection theory

A

differentiating a person’s ability to discriminate the presence and absence of a stimulus (or different stimulus intensities) from the criterion the person uses to make responses to those stimuli.

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7
Q

what is subliminal stimuli

A

sensory stimuli below an individual’s threshold for conscious perception

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8
Q

what is webers law

A

psychological law quantifying the perception of change in a given stimulus.

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9
Q

what does ESP stand for?

A

extra sensory perception, things perceived from other inputs like telepathy

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10
Q

what determines colors?

A

wavelength and intensity

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11
Q

what is gestalt?

A

an organized whole. emphasized tendency to make information into a whole picture

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12
Q

what is figure-ground?

A

the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).

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13
Q

what is grouping?

A

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

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14
Q

what is depth perception?

A

the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.

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15
Q

what is visual cliff?

A

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

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16
Q

what is retinal disparity

A

the brain computes distance/depth by comparing images from both retinas – the greater the difference between the two images, the closer the object.

17
Q

what are binocular cues

A

depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.

18
Q

what is the McGurk effect?

A

an illusion whereby speech sounds are often mis-categorized when the auditory cues in the stimulus conflict with the visual cues from the speaker’s face

19
Q

what is Sensory Interaction?

A

the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.

20
Q

what is Embodied Cognition?

A

in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states of cognitive preferences and judgments.

21
Q

what is Vestibular Sense?

A

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.

22
Q

what is Kinethesia?

A

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.

23
Q

what is gate control theory?

A

some pain messages have a higher priority than others, and only so many messages can be inside the gate at once

24
Q

what is the Papillae

A

the bumps on tongue that taste things

25
Q

what is the olfactory bulb

A

A rounded mass of tissue that contains several types of nerve cells that are involved in the sense of smell

26
Q

what is the absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of stimuli we can detect

27
Q

what stimulis are subliminal

A

all that fall below the threshold

28
Q

what is difference threshold?

A

the amount of change that needs to notice before you notice

29
Q

what is webers law?

A

historically important psychological law quantifying the perception of change in a given stimulus.

30
Q

what is signal detection theory?

A

effects of distractions we experience

31
Q

what is schemata?

A

mental representation of what we expect

32
Q

what is perceptual set?

A

predisposition to perceiving something in a certain way

ap psychology (9 decks)

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