states of conciousness Flashcards
what is the definition of consciousness?
aware of surroundings and connecting with sense of self
what is waking consciousness?
when one’s thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized.
what is altered consciouness?
shift in quality of pattern of mental activities as compared to waking consciousness.
what did structuralists think about consciousness?
used introspection to find boundaries of conscious thought
what is a circadian rhythm?
a human’s sleep wake cycle
what is entrainment?
changing the circadian rhythm
how are brain waves measured?
amplitude and frequency
what are beta waves?
brain waves while awake
what are alpha waves?
relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed state
what is stage 1 of sleep?
feeling sleepy, the dozing off stage
what is a hallucination?
a sensory experience without the physical presence
what is a sleep spindle?
random bursts of energy that happen during stage 2 while falling asleep
what waves do you experience during stage 3?
theta and delta waves
what is REM sleep?
recurring sleep state during which vivid dreams commonly occur. vivid dreams and nightmares occur.
what is a nightmare?
longer, more detailed dreams that occur during rem
what is NREM?
any time you’re alseep but not in rem sleep.
what is activation synthesis?
that a dream is the cerebral cortex processing nerve impulses being sent from the body to the brain stem into something that makes sense
what is REM rebound
a form of sleep debt, sleepiness or muscle loss during the day
what is Freudian dream theory
dreams are full of symbols from the subconscious
what is cognitive dream theory
They are like plays that the mind stages for itself when it doesn’t have anything specific to do
what is biological dream theory
dreams don’t mean anything
what is information processing
dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate memories
what is physiological function
regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
what is cognitive development
dream content reflects dreamer’s cognitive development, their knowledge and understanding
what is hypnotic induction?
putting someone in a hypnotic state
what is post-hypnotic sugestion?
a suggestion made to the subject while in a hypnotic trance, to be acted upon at some time after emerging from the trance.
what is dissociation?
separation of normally related mental processes, resulting in one group functioning independently from the rest, leading in extreme cases to disorders such as multiple personality.
what is a psychoactive substance?
a substance that alters mood or thoughts
what is tolerance?
the resistance your body builds up to a substance
what are withdrawls?
psychological and biochemical process that occurs when a person stops using a chemical substance
what are dualists
people who believe everything consists of thought and matter
what are monists
people who believe everything is the same substance
what is the mere exposure effect
the preference to stimuli you’ve seen before
what is the conscious level
awareness of yourself and environment
what is the non-conscious level
body processes
what is the preconscious level
memories
what is the subconscious level
information that must exist due to behavior
what is the unconscious level
where memories are repressed to according to freud
what are theta waves
levels 1 and 2
what are delta waves
levels 3 and 4
when do sleep walking and night terrors occur
stage 4
what are agonists
drug that mimic neurotransmitter
what are antagonists
drug that block neurotransmitter
Who is the person associated with the idea of the “hidden observer” during dissociative hypnosis?
Hilgard
The continued use of _____________ may permanently reduce the body’s ability to produce dopamine.
cocaine
Spindles and K complexes are associated with which stage of sleep?
stage 2
Impaired learning and memory are most closely associated with
weed
Cocaine’s high typically lasts approximately
30 min
The neurotransmitter that cocaine makes the body release more of is
dopamine
Heroin and other opiates are so addictive partly because they mimic
endorphins
