unit 6: learning Flashcards
What is operant conditioning?
method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.
what is learning?
gaining and retaining new information
what is habituation?
getting used to an environment, stimuli don’t gain your attention anymore.
what is stimulus?
anything in your environment that your senses percieve
what is cognitive learning?
learning through words, no hands on application
what is classical conditioning?
a form of learning through linking stimuli
what is extinction?
diminishing of a conditioned response
what is spontaneous recovery?
the recovery of an extinguished response
what is a fixed ratio schedule?
provides reinforcement after a set number of responses
what is a variable ratio schedule?
provides reinforcement based on the number of bar presses
what is a fixed interval schedule?
requires that a certain amount of time elapse before a bar press and reward
what is a variable interval schedule?
varies the amount of time required to elapse before a response will result in a reinforcement
what influences learning?
biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences
what is operant conditioning?
learning based on association of consequences with one’s actions
what is positive reinforcement?
addition of something pleasant
what is negative reinforcement?
removal of something unpleasant
what is omission training?
removal of something pleasant
what is coping?
ways of alleviating stress or anxiety
what are secondary reinforcers
rewards we have learned to value that are not required innately
what is learned helplessness?
a lack of control resulting in the idea of no control and having no power in a situation of abuse
what is instinctive drift?
the tendency to migrate towards behaviors that are typical or instinctual
what is the contingency model?
when an event is reliant on the presence of another
what are mirror neurons?
front lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or precieving others doing those actions
what is insight learning?
when one suddenly realizes how to solve a problem
what is abstract learning?
learning that only becomes obvious after a reinforcement is added
