Unit 7

Question 1

Omnibus Terms

Answer 1

Used to categorize stimuli that have multiple functions; Cover various functions of stimuli

Question 2

2 Omnibus terms commonly used by behavior analysts

Answer 2

Aversive stimulus Appetitive stimulus

Question 3

Aversive Stimulus

Answer 3

Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it.Its onset weakens behavior that precedes its onset.Its offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset.It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.

Question 4

Appetitive Stimulus

Answer 4

Its onset strengthens behavior that precedes its onset.Its offset weakens behavior that precedes its offset. It abates behavior that removes it.It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.

Question 5

Behavior Chain

Answer 5

A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain

Question 6

Induction

Answer 6

The spread of the effects of reinforcement to responses outside the limits of an operant class

Question 7

Shaping

Answer 7

Thedifferential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior

Question 8

Shaping Across Topographies

Answer 8

The terminal target response is a distinct topography –a different response –than the response that is currently occurring

Question 9

Shaping Within Topographies

Answer 9

The terminal target response is similar in form to the initial response, but varies across some dimension, such as rate or duration

Question 10

Parameters of Reinforcement

Answer 10

Magnitude
Quantity
Duration

Question 11

Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 11

The rule that describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not

Question 12

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 12

Reinforcement occurs each and every single time the behavior occurs; used to establish or strengthen behavior.

Question 13

Intermittent reinforcement

Answer 13

Some responses are reinforced and some are not; used to maintain already established behavior

Question 14

Ratio

Answer 14

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses

Question 15

Interval

Answer 15

Reinforcementis delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement

Question 16

Fixed

Answer 16

Thenumber of responses, or amount of time, remains the same

Question 17

Variable

Answer 17

Thenumber of responses, or amount of time, is random, but centers around (i.e., averages out to) a particular value

Question 18

Limited Hold

Answer 18

A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement

Question 19

FR schedules

Answer 19

All or none schedules, as they produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement,which is followed by a burst of responding. Pauses tend to be longer the thinner the schedule

Question 20

VR schedules

Answer 20

Produce steady and high rates of responding

Question 21

Ratio Strain

Answer 21

A behavioral effectassociated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules

Question 22

FI schedules

Answer 22

Scalloped; Produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement,which is followed by a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with the highest rates at the time closest to reinforcement.

Question 23

VI schedules

Answer 23

Produce steady, low to moderate rates of responding

Question 24

Time-based Schedules

Answer 24

Apreferred stimulus is delivered at a point in time without a response requirement

Question 25

Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Responding (DRH)

Answer 25

Reinforcement occurs if and only if the rate of response is equal to or greater than a specified value

Question 26

DRH-IRT schedules

Answer 26

The contingency for reinforcement is governed by the time elapsed between successive responses (as opposed to responses per unit of time)

Question 27

Concurrent Schedules

Answer 27

Consistof two or more schedules operating simultaneously but independently of each other, each for a different response

Question 28

Multiple Schedules

Answer 28

Consistof two or more alternating schedules, each associated with a different stimulus

Question 29

Mixed Schedule

Answer 29

The same as a multiple schedule except that there are no different stimuli associated with each component schedule

Question 30

Chained Schedule

Answer 30

A conditioned reinforcer is produced by completion of the response requirements for that component schedule in the chain

Question 31

Tandem Schedules

Answer 31

Similar to chained schedules but with no discriminative stimuli in the links of the chain

Question 32

Behavioral Contrast

Answer 32

A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.

Question 33

Matching Law

Answer 33

States that organisms match relative rates of behavior to relative rates of reinforcement