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5011 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

Asystematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world

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2
Q

Goals of Science

A

Prediction, controland development of technology

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3
Q

Natural science

A

Empiricalphenomena; Direct observation & measurement; manipulate independent variables

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4
Q

Types of natural science

A

Physics, chemistry, biology, behavior analysis

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5
Q

Social science

A

Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm; Indirect observation & measurement; inferential statistics

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6
Q

Types of social science

A

Psychology, sociology, political science

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7
Q

Determinism

A

The universe is a lawful and orderly place

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8
Q

Lawfulness of behavior

A

All behavior is determined by the genetic makeup of an organism, its history and its current situation

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9
Q

Empiricism

A

Objective observation with thoroughdescription and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior

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10
Q

Experimentation and Replication

A

2 elements of empiricism

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11
Q

Experimentation

A

Systematic manipulation of an independent variable

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12
Q

Replication

A

Repeating any part of an experiment

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13
Q

Parsimony

A

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered

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14
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

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15
Q

Pragmatism

A

Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application

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16
Q

Behaviorism

A

The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis.Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science.

17
Q

Radical Behaviorism

A

B.F. Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behaviorand the most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis.

18
Q

Determinants of Behavior

A

Causes of behavior: inherited biological factors, organism’s experiential history and current environment

19
Q

Selection

A

The process in which repeated cyclesoccur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction

20
Q

Natural, Operant and Cultural

A

3 types of selection by consequences

21
Q

Natural Selection

A

The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on

22
Q

Operant Selection

A

Selection at the individual level; behavioral variability

23
Q

Cultural Selection

A

Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group and are passed on through generations

24
Q

Temporal contiguity

A

The nearness of events in time

25
Q

Contingency

A

A dependency between events

26
Q

Types of Contingencies

A

S-S contingencies (pairing)
R-S contingencies
S-R-S contingencies (the 3-term contingency)

27
Q

Basic operations

A 
Direct observation,
Repeated measures,
Graph data,
Manipulation,
Systematic evaluation
,Analysis and 
interpretation
28
Q

Direct Observation

A

Use our ears, eyes and other senses to directly observe behavior, environmental events and the real-life context

29
Q

Repeated measures

A

Collecting data multiple times before intervention, multiple times after each intervention and multiple times during any other phase of the study

30
Q

Graph data

A

Different types of graphs to chart repeated measures on an ongoing basis

31
Q

Manipulation

A

Altering antecedents and consequences in the environment

32
Q

Systematic evaluation

A

Using single-case designs to control for extraneous variables and each participant serves as his own control

33
Q

Analysis and Interpretation

A

Using single case designs and graphed data to make statements about functional relations between behavior and environmental events

34
Q

Consequential Operation (+)

A

Contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response.

35
Q

Consequential Operation (-)

A

Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response.

36
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.

37
Q

Learning with and without words

A

Words can facilitate learning or can interfere with learning

5011 (9 decks)

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