unit 7 Flashcards
A document that specifies a contingent
relationship between the completion of a
specified behavior or tsk and access to a
specific reward
Contingency contract
Contracts are not used for
Skill acquisition
Contracts are used for
Permanent products
The individual’s verbal repertoire must be
sufficiently advanced so that his/her behavior
comes under the control of the contract
Contracts
Necessary elements of a contract
Task
Signatures
Reward
Data collection
Should monitor progress of contract and
provide interim rewards
Progress record
The opportunity to engage in a high-
probability behavior contingent upon the
occurrence of low-probability behavior will
reinforce the low-probability behavior
Premack principle
Payoff should be immediate Initially reward small approximations Reward frequently with small amounts Reward accomplishments, not obedience Reward performance after it occurs The contract must be fair, honest, and
positive
The terms of the contract must be clear
Contracting methods used systematically
Contracting rules
Date contract begins and ends
Behavior
Amount and kind of reward
Signatures of all involved
Schedule for review of progress
DeRisi model
Involve the individual in some or all aspects of
developing the contract
Select behavior-negotiate
Describe behavior, must be observable and
measurable
Identify rewards
Identify mediator, collect data, and reward
Write understandable contract
Collect data
Troubleshoot the system if no improvement
Rewrite contract
Monitor, troubleshoot, rewrite for improvement
Contracting guide
A contingency in which reinforcement for all
members of a group is dependent on the
behavior of a person within the group, a
select of group members within the larger
group, or each member of the group meeting
a performance criterion
Group contingency
Group of persons share certain problem
Unrealistic to set up individual programs
Difficult to identify the person responsible for
x behavior
Singling out one person to reward may cause
problems with peers
Consider using group contingencies when
Types of group contingencies
Independent
Dependent
Interdependent
A contingency in which reinforcement for
each member of a group is dependent on
that person’s meeting a performance criterion
which is in effect for all members of the group
Independent group contingency
A contingency in which reinforcement for all
members of a group is dependent on the
behavior of one member of the group or the
behavior of a select members within the
larger group
Dependent group contingency
Dependent group contingency is also known
as
Hero procedure
Consequence sharing
Interdependent group contingency
A contingency in which reinforcement for all
group members of a group is dependent on
each member of the group meeting a
performance criterion that is in effect for all
members of the group
Group average: Advantage
Group members may continue to work hard
to meet criterion even when they see peers
failing to meet the criterion
Group average: Disadvantage
Some group member may become “free
riders”
Advantage of random selection with group
contingencies
As it is uncertain who will be selected as the
person to be evaluated, all members may
work harder and try to meet the criterion
Advantages of group contingencies
May save time as do not need to design multiple
programs
May be easier to implement that individualized
programs
May work quickly
Takes advantage of natural peer-to-peer influence
Group members may encourage “hero” or all
other peers
Group members may discontinue reinforcing
undesirable behavior of “hero” or all other peers
