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AP US History > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Was Grant a good person?

A

No, he was very narrow-minded and was only a good general.

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2
Q

What party did Grant belong to? What was the slogan of the campaign? What was the party’s view about the reconstruction of the South?

A

The Republican Party. “Let us have freedom.” The party believed in the Reconstruction and wanted it to go on and be successful.

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3
Q

Who was the candidate of the Democratic party? Did he win?

A

Horatio Seymour. No, he did not win.

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4
Q

What was the issue about the federal war bonds?

A

Eastern delegates wanted a plank that promised that the federal war bonds be redeemed in gold.

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5
Q

What was the Ohio Idea? What did Seymour do?

A

Redemption in greenbacks instead of gold. Seymour repudiated the idea.

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6
Q

Who won the Election of 1868? Why did he win?

A

Grant won the election, but only because of the former slaves who voted for him.

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7
Q

What was going on with the politicians postwar?

A

They were super corrupted.

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8
Q

Black Friday of 1869?

A

Fisk and Gould tried to corner the gold market and asked the treasury not to release gold. However, the treasury was compelled to release it when businessmen were “driven up the wall”.

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9
Q

Tweed Ring?

A

Tweed tried to steal $200 million from the metropolis. It failed when Nast exposed it.

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10
Q

Credit Mobilier scandal?

A

insiders hired themselves at inflated rates and then they contributed shares to two congressmen and the vice-president.

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11
Q

Whiskey Ring scandal

A

The Whiskey Ring robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. Grant’s private secretary turned out to be one of the culprits.

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12
Q

How did people feel about the whole Grantism thing?

A

People hated it, and they wanted to turn the Rascals Out.

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13
Q

What mistake did the Liberal Republicans make?

A

Nominated Greeley for presidency, who was extremely unsound.

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14
Q

Who won the election of 1872?

A

Greeley

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15
Q

General Amnesty Act

A

Reduced high Civil War tariffs

Mild civil-service reform

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16
Q

What happened in 1873 that caused a big upheaval in the US?

A

Financial Depression.

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17
Q

Who were affected the most by the Depression?

A

Blacks and Debtors

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18
Q

Resumption Act of 1875

A
  1. That the U.S. Treasury be prepared to resume the redemption of legal tender notes in specie (gold) as of January 1, 1879
    1. That gradual steps be taken to reduce the number of greenbacks in circulation
    2. That all “paper coins” (notes with denominations less than one dollar) be removed from circulation and be replaced with silver coins
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19
Q

Which metal also caused an uproar in the US during the times of depression?

A

Silver

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20
Q

What was the purpose of the coinage of silver?

A

To promote inflation.

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21
Q

What was contraction? What did it do?

A

Resumption of metallic-money payments and reduction of greenbacks.

It restored the government’s credit rating and brought greenbacks up to their full face value.

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22
Q

Why was politics so delicately balanced during the Gilded Age?

A

Both parties saw eye-to-eye on everything and were extremely competitive.

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23
Q

Republican party beliefs?

A

Puritanism, strict codes, etc.

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24
Q

Democrat beliefs?

A

Lutheranism, Catholicism, less stern, etc.

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25
Grand Army of Republic
A politically potent fraternal org. of Union veterans of the Civil War who voted for the Reps.
26
Stalwart Faction
Led by Conkling who gave jobs for votes (patronage), machine age politics
27
Half Breeds
Blaine, reform, no patronage
28
What happened between Conkling and Blaine?
They neutralized each other.
29
What happened with the whole Tilden vs. Hayes thing?
Deadlock. Who should count the votes?
30
Electoral Count Act
Set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 men from the Senate, House, and Supreme Court. Hayes won, but Dems were pissed.
31
Compromise of 1877
Hayes could take office, but federal troops in Louisiana and SC were to leave.
32
What price did they have to pay for peace between the Reps and Dems?
Reps let go of the whole black equality thing.
33
What were the Jim Crow Laws?
Legal codes of segregation. Required literacy, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes.
34
Railroad Strike:
Railroad workers striked because people tried to cut employee's wages by 10%. It showed the weakness of labor movements.
35
Kearneyites:
abused chinese
36
Chinese Exclusion Act:
No chinese in America
37
Election of 1880? Who won? What happened to him?
Garfield (Rep) vs. Hancock. Garfield won, but was shot by Guiteau.
38
How did Arthur become the president?
Garfield said on his deathbed that Arthur would become the president.
39
Pro of Garfield's death?
Reform of the shameful spoils system.
40
Pendleton Act of 1883
- compulsory campaign contributions from the federal employees = illegal - Civil Service Commission = make appointments to federal jobs based on merit.
41
Con of the Civil-Service Reform? Significance?
Politicians had to look elsewhere for money. Drove politicians into "marriages of convenience" with big-business leaders.
42
Election of 1884
Dem: Cleveland (winner) Rep: Blaine
43
What did Cleveland want? Why?
A lower tariff. There was a lot of surplus in the Treasury.
44
Candidates of the Election of 1888?
Dem: Cleveland Rep: Harrison (WINNER!)
45
Who dominated the Billion-Dollar Congress?
Republican Speaker Reed
46
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
Tariffs went up drastically.
47
What did the McKinley Tariff Act do to the farmers?
It burdened them under debts and were forced to rise up in wrath.
48
Populist party
- Made from Farmers' Alliance - inflation - graduated income tax - govt ownership of railroads, telegraph, and phone - direct election of US senators - 1 term limit on presidency - shorter workdays - less immigration - Not really popular - near-total extinction of Af. American suffrage
49
Gold Depression
- deep deficit - hard money vs. soft money - gold reserve low in treasury - repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 - danger of going off the gold standard - loan from JP Morgan
50
What happened to the railroads after the Civil War?
They grew tremendously
51
Why was a transcontinental railroad hard to build?
- extremely expensive | - private promoters didn't want to suffer heavy losses
52
What was the problem with building a railroad?
They tied up more lands and withheld all lands from other users. This was later ended by Cleveland.
53
Why did the US want to bind the West to the Union?
Gold rich Cali
54
Union Pacific Railroad
- Westward - Irishmen worked on it - Co was given a lot of land and loans - Corrupt businessmen
55
Central Pacific Railroad
- Eastward - Financed by the Big Four - Chinese laborers
56
Completion of the transcontinental railroad did what?
- Flourishing trade with Asia | - Phenomenal growth of the west
57
Great Northern
-Made by Hill
58
Vanderbilt
- Replaced iron with steel | - standard gauge of track width
59
Westinghouse air break
Efficiency and safety
60
What did railroads do?
- big, new domestic markets - stimulated mining and agriculture - heavy influx of immigrants - lands changed - time zones
61
Stock watering
Promoters inflated claims about asset, stocks, or bonds far in access than the actual value
62
Agreement to share profits by dividing the business in an area
Pools
63
What did the depression of the 1870's do?
Compelled farmers to protest against the people who were controlling the nation with their money
64
Stipulated that individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce
Wabash case
65
1. Prohibited rebates and pools and required railroads to publish their rates openly. 2. It forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for shirt hauls than longer ones. 3. Set up Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate and enforce the new commission
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
66
What did the Interstate Commerce Act did/not do?
Did not: represent popular victory over the wealth of the few people Did: provide an orderly forum where businesses could resolve matters peacefully
67
The Interstate Commerce Act:
First to regulate business in the interest of society at large
68
Steel king
Carnegie
69
Oil baron
Rockefeller
70
Banker of bankers
Morgan
71
Vertical integration
- Owning from top to bottom - Carnegie - efficiency
72
Horizontal integration
- Rockefeller | - Combining companies
73
Interlocking directorates
- Morgan | - putting own officers on board of directors to ensure harmony
74
Bessemer Process
Make silver
75
Major product of oil
Kerosene
76
Gospel of Wealth
Survival of the fittest, basically. Carnegie felt guilty for having so much.
77
Who came up with the survival-of-the-fittest theories?
Spencer and Sumner
78
Trust
Combining of corporations to reduce competition
79
Bad trust?
Big trust
80
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Forbade trusts
81
First billion dollar corp
US Steel Corp
82
Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
You can buy silver, but not coin it.
83
Old immigrants? Their characteristics?
British Isles, Western Europe - Whites - Prots and Caths. - Educated - "Typical whites"
84
New Immigrants? Characteristics?
Southern and Eastern Europe - Orthodox - Lower class, illiterates. - "Uncivilized"
85
What did the federal gov do to help with the imm prob?
Absolutely nothing.
86
Who were the "bosses"
People who helped imms. in return for votes.
87
She helped reform the imm conditions.
Jane Addams.
88
Hull House:
Settlement house for imms. | centers of women's activism and social reform
89
Florence Kelley
Led the settlement house.
90
What did the urban frontier do for women?
Open new possibilities for them.
91
Why didn't people want New Immigrants?
- Inferior races | - Whites would be outbred
92
American Protective Association (APA)
Voting against Roman Catholic Candidates for office
93
Why were immigrants hard to unionize?
Language Barrier
94
Restrictive laws barred?
paupers, criminals, convicts, and the crazy.
95
Which ethnic group was completely barred?
The Chinese
96
What was happening to American churches due to immigration?
They were suffering for people were becoming very materialistic.
97
Eddy
Founded Christian Science
98
Hatch Act of 1887
Provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges.
99
What did most professors focus on in schools?
Facts, not religion.
100
Woodhull
Conventional morality - free love - divorce - birth control - sex
101
Gilman
Shunned traditional feminine frills and devoted herself to exercise and meditation. Abandon dependent status!
102
Catt
Leader of the suffrage battle
103
First state to give women the right to vote?
Wyoming
104
Ida B Wells
Formed the National Association of Colored Women
105
How did people feel about alcohol consumption?
Most were against it. - National Prohibition Party - Eighteenth Amendment (national prohibition amendment) was attached to the Constitution.
106
Sullivan
Skyscraper
107
Treaty of Fort Laramie
Beginning of reservation system.
108
Taming factors of the Indians
1. ) Railroad 2. ) Locomotives 3. ) Diseases 4. ) Extermination of the buffalo
109
Author of "A Century of Dishonor" which showed the cruelty of whites:
Helen Hunt Jackson
110
Dawes Severalty Act
1. ) Dissolved tribes 2. ) No tribal ownership of land 3. ) Set up individual Indian family heads
111
What methods did people use to fight the drought?
1. ) dry farming 2. ) though strains of wheat 3. ) sorghum
112
What was happening to the frontier lines?
Disappearing. US running out of land. National parks were being made.
113
Safety Valve theory?
City dwellers migrated to the frontier during depressions.
114
What happened to farmers?
They began to concentrate on growing single cash crops.
115
Chief worries of the farmers?
Low prices and a deflated currency
116
Leader of Grange
Oliver H. Kelley
117
Objective of Kelley?
Enhance lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities.
118
Populists
People's Party | Grew out of the Grange Movement
119
Coxey
demand the govt relieve unemployment by an inflationary public works program.

AP US History (9 decks)

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