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AP US History > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Was Grant a good person?

A

No, he was very narrow-minded and was only a good general.

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2
Q

What party did Grant belong to? What was the slogan of the campaign? What was the party’s view about the reconstruction of the South?

A

The Republican Party. “Let us have freedom.” The party believed in the Reconstruction and wanted it to go on and be successful.

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3
Q

Who was the candidate of the Democratic party? Did he win?

A

Horatio Seymour. No, he did not win.

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4
Q

What was the issue about the federal war bonds?

A

Eastern delegates wanted a plank that promised that the federal war bonds be redeemed in gold.

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5
Q

What was the Ohio Idea? What did Seymour do?

A

Redemption in greenbacks instead of gold. Seymour repudiated the idea.

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6
Q

Who won the Election of 1868? Why did he win?

A

Grant won the election, but only because of the former slaves who voted for him.

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7
Q

What was going on with the politicians postwar?

A

They were super corrupted.

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8
Q

Black Friday of 1869?

A

Fisk and Gould tried to corner the gold market and asked the treasury not to release gold. However, the treasury was compelled to release it when businessmen were “driven up the wall”.

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9
Q

Tweed Ring?

A

Tweed tried to steal $200 million from the metropolis. It failed when Nast exposed it.

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10
Q

Credit Mobilier scandal?

A

insiders hired themselves at inflated rates and then they contributed shares to two congressmen and the vice-president.

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11
Q

Whiskey Ring scandal

A

The Whiskey Ring robbed the Treasury of millions in excise-tax revenues. Grant’s private secretary turned out to be one of the culprits.

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12
Q

How did people feel about the whole Grantism thing?

A

People hated it, and they wanted to turn the Rascals Out.

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13
Q

What mistake did the Liberal Republicans make?

A

Nominated Greeley for presidency, who was extremely unsound.

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14
Q

Who won the election of 1872?

A

Greeley

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15
Q

General Amnesty Act

A

Reduced high Civil War tariffs

Mild civil-service reform

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16
Q

What happened in 1873 that caused a big upheaval in the US?

A

Financial Depression.

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17
Q

Who were affected the most by the Depression?

A

Blacks and Debtors

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18
Q

Resumption Act of 1875

A
  1. That the U.S. Treasury be prepared to resume the redemption of legal tender notes in specie (gold) as of January 1, 1879
    1. That gradual steps be taken to reduce the number of greenbacks in circulation
    2. That all “paper coins” (notes with denominations less than one dollar) be removed from circulation and be replaced with silver coins
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19
Q

Which metal also caused an uproar in the US during the times of depression?

A

Silver

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20
Q

What was the purpose of the coinage of silver?

A

To promote inflation.

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21
Q

What was contraction? What did it do?

A

Resumption of metallic-money payments and reduction of greenbacks.

It restored the government’s credit rating and brought greenbacks up to their full face value.

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22
Q

Why was politics so delicately balanced during the Gilded Age?

A

Both parties saw eye-to-eye on everything and were extremely competitive.

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23
Q

Republican party beliefs?

A

Puritanism, strict codes, etc.

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24
Q

Democrat beliefs?

A

Lutheranism, Catholicism, less stern, etc.

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25
Q

Grand Army of Republic

A

A politically potent fraternal org. of Union veterans of the Civil War who voted for the Reps.

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26
Q

Stalwart Faction

A

Led by Conkling who gave jobs for votes (patronage), machine age politics

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27
Q

Half Breeds

A

Blaine, reform, no patronage

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28
Q

What happened between Conkling and Blaine?

A

They neutralized each other.

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29
Q

What happened with the whole Tilden vs. Hayes thing?

A

Deadlock. Who should count the votes?

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30
Q

Electoral Count Act

A

Set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 men from the Senate, House, and Supreme Court. Hayes won, but Dems were pissed.

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31
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hayes could take office, but federal troops in Louisiana and SC were to leave.

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32
Q

What price did they have to pay for peace between the Reps and Dems?

A

Reps let go of the whole black equality thing.

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33
Q

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

A

Legal codes of segregation. Required literacy, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes.

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34
Q

Railroad Strike:

A

Railroad workers striked because people tried to cut employee’s wages by 10%. It showed the weakness of labor movements.

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35
Q

Kearneyites:

A

abused chinese

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36
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act:

A

No chinese in America

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37
Q

Election of 1880? Who won? What happened to him?

A

Garfield (Rep) vs. Hancock. Garfield won, but was shot by Guiteau.

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38
Q

How did Arthur become the president?

A

Garfield said on his deathbed that Arthur would become the president.

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39
Q

Pro of Garfield’s death?

A

Reform of the shameful spoils system.

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40
Q

Pendleton Act of 1883

A
  • compulsory campaign contributions from the federal employees = illegal
  • Civil Service Commission = make appointments to federal jobs based on merit.
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41
Q

Con of the Civil-Service Reform? Significance?

A

Politicians had to look elsewhere for money. Drove politicians into “marriages of convenience” with big-business leaders.

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42
Q

Election of 1884

A

Dem: Cleveland (winner)
Rep: Blaine

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43
Q

What did Cleveland want? Why?

A

A lower tariff. There was a lot of surplus in the Treasury.

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44
Q

Candidates of the Election of 1888?

A

Dem: Cleveland
Rep: Harrison (WINNER!)

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45
Q

Who dominated the Billion-Dollar Congress?

A

Republican Speaker Reed

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46
Q

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

A

Tariffs went up drastically.

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47
Q

What did the McKinley Tariff Act do to the farmers?

A

It burdened them under debts and were forced to rise up in wrath.

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48
Q

Populist party

A
  • Made from Farmers’ Alliance
  • inflation
  • graduated income tax
  • govt ownership of railroads, telegraph, and phone
  • direct election of US senators
  • 1 term limit on presidency
  • shorter workdays
  • less immigration
  • Not really popular
  • near-total extinction of Af. American suffrage
49
Q

Gold Depression

A
  • deep deficit
  • hard money vs. soft money
  • gold reserve low in treasury
  • repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
  • danger of going off the gold standard
  • loan from JP Morgan
50
Q

What happened to the railroads after the Civil War?

A

They grew tremendously

51
Q

Why was a transcontinental railroad hard to build?

A
  • extremely expensive

- private promoters didn’t want to suffer heavy losses

52
Q

What was the problem with building a railroad?

A

They tied up more lands and withheld all lands from other users. This was later ended by Cleveland.

53
Q

Why did the US want to bind the West to the Union?

A

Gold rich Cali

54
Q

Union Pacific Railroad

A
  • Westward
  • Irishmen worked on it
  • Co was given a lot of land and loans
  • Corrupt businessmen
55
Q

Central Pacific Railroad

A
  • Eastward
  • Financed by the Big Four
  • Chinese laborers
56
Q

Completion of the transcontinental railroad did what?

A
  • Flourishing trade with Asia

- Phenomenal growth of the west

57
Q

Great Northern

A

-Made by Hill

58
Q

Vanderbilt

A
  • Replaced iron with steel

- standard gauge of track width

59
Q

Westinghouse air break

A

Efficiency and safety

60
Q

What did railroads do?

A
  • big, new domestic markets
  • stimulated mining and agriculture
  • heavy influx of immigrants
  • lands changed
  • time zones
61
Q

Stock watering

A

Promoters inflated claims about asset, stocks, or bonds far in access than the actual value

62
Q

Agreement to share profits by dividing the business in an area

A

Pools

63
Q

What did the depression of the 1870’s do?

A

Compelled farmers to protest against the people who were controlling the nation with their money

64
Q

Stipulated that individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce

A

Wabash case

65
Q
  1. Prohibited rebates and pools and required railroads to publish their rates openly.
  2. It forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for shirt hauls than longer ones.
  3. Set up Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate and enforce the new commission
A

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

66
Q

What did the Interstate Commerce Act did/not do?

A

Did not: represent popular victory over the wealth of the few people

Did: provide an orderly forum where businesses could resolve matters peacefully

67
Q

The Interstate Commerce Act:

A

First to regulate business in the interest of society at large

68
Q

Steel king

A

Carnegie

69
Q

Oil baron

A

Rockefeller

70
Q

Banker of bankers

A

Morgan

71
Q

Vertical integration

A
  • Owning from top to bottom
  • Carnegie
  • efficiency
72
Q

Horizontal integration

A
  • Rockefeller

- Combining companies

73
Q

Interlocking directorates

A
  • Morgan

- putting own officers on board of directors to ensure harmony

74
Q

Bessemer Process

A

Make silver

75
Q

Major product of oil

A

Kerosene

76
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Survival of the fittest, basically. Carnegie felt guilty for having so much.

77
Q

Who came up with the survival-of-the-fittest theories?

A

Spencer and Sumner

78
Q

Trust

A

Combining of corporations to reduce competition

79
Q

Bad trust?

A

Big trust

80
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

Forbade trusts

81
Q

First billion dollar corp

A

US Steel Corp

82
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

A

You can buy silver, but not coin it.

83
Q

Old immigrants? Their characteristics?

A

British Isles, Western Europe

  • Whites
  • Prots and Caths.
  • Educated
  • “Typical whites”
84
Q

New Immigrants? Characteristics?

A

Southern and Eastern Europe

  • Orthodox
  • Lower class, illiterates.
  • “Uncivilized”
85
Q

What did the federal gov do to help with the imm prob?

A

Absolutely nothing.

86
Q

Who were the “bosses”

A

People who helped imms. in return for votes.

87
Q

She helped reform the imm conditions.

A

Jane Addams.

88
Q

Hull House:

A

Settlement house for imms.

centers of women’s activism and social reform

89
Q

Florence Kelley

A

Led the settlement house.

90
Q

What did the urban frontier do for women?

A

Open new possibilities for them.

91
Q

Why didn’t people want New Immigrants?

A
  • Inferior races

- Whites would be outbred

92
Q

American Protective Association (APA)

A

Voting against Roman Catholic Candidates for office

93
Q

Why were immigrants hard to unionize?

A

Language Barrier

94
Q

Restrictive laws barred?

A

paupers, criminals, convicts, and the crazy.

95
Q

Which ethnic group was completely barred?

A

The Chinese

96
Q

What was happening to American churches due to immigration?

A

They were suffering for people were becoming very materialistic.

97
Q

Eddy

A

Founded Christian Science

98
Q

Hatch Act of 1887

A

Provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges.

99
Q

What did most professors focus on in schools?

A

Facts, not religion.

100
Q

Woodhull

A

Conventional morality

  • free love
  • divorce
  • birth control
  • sex
101
Q

Gilman

A

Shunned traditional feminine frills and devoted herself to exercise and meditation. Abandon dependent status!

102
Q

Catt

A

Leader of the suffrage battle

103
Q

First state to give women the right to vote?

A

Wyoming

104
Q

Ida B Wells

A

Formed the National Association of Colored Women

105
Q

How did people feel about alcohol consumption?

A

Most were against it.

  • National Prohibition Party
  • Eighteenth Amendment (national prohibition amendment) was attached to the Constitution.
106
Q

Sullivan

A

Skyscraper

107
Q

Treaty of Fort Laramie

A

Beginning of reservation system.

108
Q

Taming factors of the Indians

A
  1. ) Railroad
  2. ) Locomotives
  3. ) Diseases
  4. ) Extermination of the buffalo
109
Q

Author of “A Century of Dishonor” which showed the cruelty of whites:

A

Helen Hunt Jackson

110
Q

Dawes Severalty Act

A
  1. ) Dissolved tribes
  2. ) No tribal ownership of land
  3. ) Set up individual Indian family heads
111
Q

What methods did people use to fight the drought?

A
  1. ) dry farming
  2. ) though strains of wheat
  3. ) sorghum
112
Q

What was happening to the frontier lines?

A

Disappearing. US running out of land. National parks were being made.

113
Q

Safety Valve theory?

A

City dwellers migrated to the frontier during depressions.

114
Q

What happened to farmers?

A

They began to concentrate on growing single cash crops.

115
Q

Chief worries of the farmers?

A

Low prices and a deflated currency

116
Q

Leader of Grange

A

Oliver H. Kelley

117
Q

Objective of Kelley?

A

Enhance lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities.

118
Q

Populists

A

People’s Party

Grew out of the Grange Movement

119
Q

Coxey

A

demand the govt relieve unemployment by an inflationary public works program.

AP US History (9 decks)

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